存在与给定数模逆的数组元素的异或

给定一个长度为N的数组arr[]和一个正整数M ，任务是找到与M模逆存在的所有数组元素的按位异或。

例子：

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3}, M = 4
Output: 2
Explanation:
Initialize the value xor with 0:
For element indexed at 0 i.e., 1, its mod inverse with 4 is 1 because (1 * 1) % 4 = 1 i.e., it exists. Therefore, xor = (xor ^ 1) = 1.
For element indexed at 1 i.e., 2, its mod inverse does not exist.
For element indexed at 2 i.e., 3, its mod inverse with 4 is 3 because (3 * 3) % 4 = 1 i.e., it exists. Therefore, xor = (xor ^ 3) = 2.
Hence, xor is 2.

Input: arr[] = {3, 6, 4, 5, 8}, M = 9
Output: 9
Explanation:
Initialize the value xor with 0:
For element indexed at 0 i.e., 3, its mod inverse does not exist.
For element indexed at 1 i.e., 6, its mod inverse does not exist.
For element indexed at 2 i.e., 4, its mod inverse with 9 is 7 because (4 * 7) % 9 = 1 i.e., it exists. Therefore, xor = (xor ^ 4) = 4.
For element indexed at 3 i.e., 5, its mod inverse with 9 is 2 because (5 * 2) % 9 = 1 i.e., it exists. Therefore, xor = (xor ^ 5) = 1.
For element indexed at 4 i.e., 8, its mod inverse with 9 is 8 because (8 * 8) % 9 = 1 i.e., it exists. Therefore, xor = (xor ^ 8) = 9.
Hence, xor is 9.

朴素的方法：最简单的方法是打印数组中存在任何j的所有元素的异或，其中(1 <= j < M)使得(arr[i] * j) % M = 1 where 0 ≤我 < N 。

时间复杂度： O(N * M)
辅助空间： O(N)

高效方法：为了优化上述方法，这个想法是使用属性，任何数量的X的下模M中的模逆存在当且仅当M和X的GCD是1即满足gcd（M，X）是1 .请按照以下步骤解决问题：

1. 用0初始化一个变量xor ，以存储M下存在模逆的所有元素的异或。
2. 在[0, N – 1]范围内遍历数组。
3. 如果 GCD（M，ARR [I]）为1，则更新XOR为异或=（XOR ^ ARR [I]）。
4. 遍历后，将值xor打印为所需的结果。

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to return the gcd of a & b
int gcd(int a, int b)
{
    // Base Case
    if (a == 0)
        return b;
     
     // Recursively calculate GCD
    return gcd(b % a, a);
}
 
// Function to print the Bitwise XOR of
// elements of arr[] if gcd(arr[i], M) is 1
void countInverse(int arr[], int N, int M)
{
    // Initialize xor
    int XOR = 0;
 
    // Traversing the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // GCD of M and arr[i]
        int gcdOfMandelement
          = gcd(M, arr[i]);
 
        // If GCD is 1, update xor
        if (gcdOfMandelement == 1) {
 
            XOR ^= arr[i];
        }
    }
 
    // Print xor
    cout << XOR << ' ';
}
 
// Drive Code
int main()
{
    // Given array arr[]
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 
    // Given number M
    int M = 4;
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function Call
    countInverse(arr, N, M);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to return the gcd of a & b
static int gcd(int a, int b)
{
     
    // Base Case
    if (a == 0)
        return b;
 
    // Recursively calculate GCD
    return gcd(b % a, a);
}
 
// Function to print the Bitwise XOR of
// elements of arr[] if gcd(arr[i], M) is 1
static void countInverse(int[] arr, int N, int M)
{
     
    // Initialize xor
    int XOR = 0;
 
    // Traversing the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // GCD of M and arr[i]
        int gcdOfMandelement = gcd(M, arr[i]);
 
        // If GCD is 1, update xor
        if (gcdOfMandelement == 1)
        {
            XOR ^= arr[i];
        }
    }
 
    // Print xor
    System.out.println(XOR);
}
 
// Drive Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
 
    // Given array arr[]
    int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3 };
 
    // Given number M
    int M = 4;
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.length;
 
    // Function Call
    countInverse(arr, N, M);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by akhilsaini

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to return the gcd of a & b
def gcd(a, b):
     
    # Base Case
    if (a == 0):
        return b
 
    # Recursively calculate GCD
    return gcd(b % a, a)
 
# Function to print the Bitwise XOR of
# elements of arr[] if gcd(arr[i], M) is 1
def countInverse(arr, N, M):
 
    # Initialize xor
    XOR = 0
 
    # Traversing the array
    for i in range(0, N):
 
        # GCD of M and arr[i]
        gcdOfMandelement = gcd(M, arr[i])
 
        # If GCD is 1, update xor
        if (gcdOfMandelement == 1):
            XOR = XOR ^ arr[i]
 
    # Print xor
    print(XOR)
 
# Drive Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    # Given array arr[]
    arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
 
    # Given number M
    M = 4
 
    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)
 
    # Function Call
    countInverse(arr, N, M)
 
# This code is contributed by akhilsaini

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to return the gcd of a & b
static int gcd(int a, int b)
{
     
    // Base Case
    if (a == 0)
        return b;
 
    // Recursively calculate GCD
    return gcd(b % a, a);
}
 
// Function to print the Bitwise XOR of
// elements of arr[] if gcd(arr[i], M) is 1
static void countInverse(int[] arr, int N, int M)
{
     
    // Initialize xor
    int XOR = 0;
 
    // Traversing the array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // GCD of M and arr[i]
        int gcdOfMandelement = gcd(M, arr[i]);
 
        // If GCD is 1, update xor
        if (gcdOfMandelement == 1)
        {
 
            XOR ^= arr[i];
        }
    }
 
    // Print xor
    Console.WriteLine(XOR);
}
 
// Drive Code
public static void Main()
{
 
    // Given array arr[]
    int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3 };
 
    // Given number M
    int M = 4;
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.Length;
 
    // Function Call
    countInverse(arr, N, M);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by akhilsaini

Javascript

 
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Function to return the gcd of a & b
function gcd(a, b)
{
     
    // Base Case
    if (a == 0)
        return b;
 
    // Recursively calculate GCD
    return gcd(b % a, a);
}
 
// Function to print the Bitwise XOR of
// elements of arr[] if gcd(arr[i], M) is 1
function countInverse(arr, N, M)
{
     
    // Initialize xor
    var XOR = 0;
 
    // Traversing the array
    for(var i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // GCD of M and arr[i]
        var gcdOfMandelement = gcd(M, arr[i]);
 
        // If GCD is 1, update xor
        if (gcdOfMandelement == 1)
        {
            XOR ^= arr[i];
        }
    }
 
    // Print xor
    document.write(XOR);
}
 
// Driver Code
 
// Given array arr[]
var arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
 
// Given number M
var M = 4;
 
// Size of the array
var N = arr.length;
 
// Function Call
countInverse(arr, N, M);
 
// This code is contributed by Kirti
 

输出：

2

时间复杂度： O(N*log M)
辅助空间： O(N)

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