使用 n 个 m 面骰子获得给定总和的方法数

给定 n 个骰子，每个骰子有 m 个面，编号从 1 到 m，求获得给定总和 X 的方法数。X 是当所有骰子都掷出时每个面的值的总和。
例子：

Input : faces = 4 throws = 2 sum =4 
Output : 3 
Ways to reach sum equal to 4 in 2 throws can be { (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1) }
Input : faces = 6 throws = 3 sum = 12 
Output : 25
 

方法：
基本上，要求使用范围 [1…m] 中的值在 n 次操作中求和。
对这个问题使用动态规划自顶向下的方法。步骤是：

• 基本案例：
  1. 如果 (sum == 0 and noofthrowsleft ==0) 返回 1 。这意味着总和 x 有
     达到了。
  2. If (sum < 0 and noofthrowsleft ==0) return 0 。这意味着 sum x 没有
     在所有投掷中都实现了。
• 如果已经实现了当前 noofthrowsleft 的当前总和，则从表中返回它而不是重新计算。
• 然后我们将遍历 i=[1..m] 中的所有面值并递归移动以实现 sum-i 并将 noofthrowsleft 减少 1。
• 最后，我们将当前值存储在 dp 数组中

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ function to calculate the number of
// ways to achieve sum x in n no of throws
#include 
using namespace std;
#define mod 1000000007
int dp[55][55];
 
// Function to calculate recursively the
// number of ways to get sum in given
// throws and [1..m] values
int NoofWays(int face, int throws, int sum)
{
    // Base condition 1
    if (sum == 0 && throws == 0)
        return 1;
 
    // Base condition 2
    if (sum < 0 || throws == 0)
        return 0;
 
    // If value already calculated dont
    // move into re-computation
    if (dp[throws][sum] != -1)
        return dp[throws][sum];
 
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= face; i++) {
 
        // Recursively moving for sum-i in
        // throws-1 no of throws left
        ans += NoofWays(face, throws - 1, sum - i);
    }
 
    // Inserting present values in dp
    return dp[throws][sum] = ans;
}
 
// Driver function
int main()
{
    int faces = 6, throws = 3, sum = 12;
 
    memset(dp, -1, sizeof dp);
 
    cout << NoofWays(faces, throws, sum) << endl;
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java function to calculate the number of
// ways to achieve sum x in n no of throwsVal
class GFG
{
 
    static int mod = 1000000007;
    static int[][] dp = new int[55][55];
 
    // Function to calculate recursively the
    // number of ways to get sum in given
    // throwsVal and [1..m] values
    static int NoofWays(int face, int throwsVal, int sum)
    {
        // Base condition 1
        if (sum == 0 && throwsVal == 0)
        {
            return 1;
        }
 
        // Base condition 2
        if (sum < 0 || throwsVal == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        // If value already calculated dont
        // move into re-computation
        if (dp[throwsVal][sum] != -1)
        {
            return dp[throwsVal][sum];
        }
 
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= face; i++)
        {
 
            // Recursively moving for sum-i in
            // throwsVal-1 no of throwsVal left
            ans += NoofWays(face, throwsVal - 1, sum - i);
        }
 
        // Inserting present values in dp
        return dp[throwsVal][sum] = ans;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int faces = 6, throwsVal = 3, sum = 12;
        for (int i = 0; i < 55; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < 55; j++)
            {
                dp[i][j] = -1;
            }
        }
 
        System.out.println(NoofWays(faces, throwsVal, sum));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# Python3 function to calculate the number of
# ways to achieve sum x in n no of throws
import numpy as np
 
mod = 1000000007;
 
dp = np.zeros((55,55));
 
# Function to calculate recursively the
# number of ways to get sum in given
# throws and [1..m] values
def NoofWays(face, throws, sum) :
 
    # Base condition 1
    if (sum == 0 and throws == 0) :
        return 1;
 
    # Base condition 2
    if (sum < 0 or throws == 0) :
        return 0;
 
    # If value already calculated dont
    # move into re-computation
    if (dp[throws][sum] != -1) :
        return dp[throws][sum];
 
    ans = 0;
    for i in range(1, face + 1) :
 
        # Recursively moving for sum-i in
        # throws-1 no of throws left
        ans += NoofWays(face, throws - 1, sum - i);
 
    # Inserting present values in dp
    dp[throws][sum] = ans;
     
    return ans;
 
 
# Driver function
if __name__ == "__main__" :
 
    faces = 6; throws = 3; sum = 12;
 
    for i in range(55) :
        for j in range(55) :
            dp[i][j] = -1
 
    print(NoofWays(faces, throws, sum)) ;
     
# This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

C#

// C# function to calculate the number of
// ways to achieve sum x in n no of throwsVal
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
    static int[,]dp = new int[55,55];
 
    // Function to calculate recursively the
    // number of ways to get sum in given
    // throwsVal and [1..m] values
    static int NoofWays(int face, int throwsVal, int sum)
    {
        // Base condition 1
        if (sum == 0 && throwsVal == 0)
        {
            return 1;
        }
 
        // Base condition 2
        if (sum < 0 || throwsVal == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        // If value already calculated dont
        // move into re-computation
        if (dp[throwsVal,sum] != -1)
        {
            return dp[throwsVal,sum];
        }
 
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= face; i++)
        {
 
            // Recursively moving for sum-i in
            // throwsVal-1 no of throwsVal left
            ans += NoofWays(face, throwsVal - 1, sum - i);
        }
 
        // Inserting present values in dp
        return dp[throwsVal,sum] = ans;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    static public void Main ()
    {
        int faces = 6, throwsVal = 3, sum = 12;
        for (int i = 0; i < 55; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < 55; j++)
            {
                dp[i,j] = -1;
            }
        }
 
    Console.WriteLine(NoofWays(faces, throwsVal, sum));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by ajit.

Javascript

 
// Javascript function to calculate the number of
// ways to achieve sum x in n no of throws
 
const mod = 1000000007;
let dp = new Array(55);
for (let i = 0; i < 55; i++)
    dp[i] = new Array(55).fill(-1);
 
// Function to calculate recursively the
// number of ways to get sum in given
// throws and [1..m] values
function NoofWays(face, throws, sum)
{
    // Base condition 1
    if (sum == 0 && throws == 0)
        return 1;
 
    // Base condition 2
    if (sum < 0 || throws == 0)
        return 0;
 
    // If value already calculated dont
    // move into re-computation
    if (dp[throws][sum] != -1)
        return dp[throws][sum];
 
    let ans = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i <= face; i++) {
 
        // Recursively moving for sum-i in
        // throws-1 no of throws left
        ans += NoofWays(face, throws - 1, sum - i);
    }
 
    // Inserting present values in dp
    return dp[throws][sum] = ans;
}
 
// Driver function
    let faces = 6, throws = 3, sum = 12;
    document.write(NoofWays(faces, throws, sum));
 

输出：

25

时间复杂度： O(throws*faces*sum)
空间复杂度： O(faces*sum)

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