打印所有可以通过将 A 或 B 与 N 相加精确 M 次而获得的数字

给定四个整数N 、 M 、 A和B ，任务是打印通过将A或B添加到N恰好M次可以获得的所有数字(按递增顺序)。

例子：

Input: N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6
Output: 17 19 21 23
Explanation: 
Step 1: Adding 4 or 6 to N generates 9 and 11.
Step 2: Adding 4 and 6 to N generates 13, 15, 17.
Step 3: Adding 4 and 6 to N generates 17, 19, 21, 23.

Input: N = 8, M = 2, A = 5, B = 10
Output: 18 23 28

朴素的方法：解决这个问题的最简单的方法是使用递归。在每个步骤中，只有两个选择，即添加A或添加B 。

请按照以下步骤解决此问题：

• 初始化一个集合，比如数字，来存储所有可以制作的数字。
• 基本情况：如果M等于0，则唯一可能的数字是N 。
• 将A添加到N 后，递归调用M – 1步。
• 将B添加到N 后，递归调用M – 1步。
• 最后，迭代设置的数字并打印所有数字。

下面是上述方法的实现。

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly N times
void possibleNumbers(set& numbers,
                     int N, int M,
                     int A, int B)
{
    // If number of steps is 0 and
    // only possible number is N
    if (M == 0) {
        numbers.insert(N);
        return;
    }
 
    // Add A to N and make a
    // recursive call for M - 1 steps
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + A, M - 1, A, B);
 
    // Add B to N and make a
    // recursive call for M-1 steps.
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + B, M - 1, A, B);
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given Inputs
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Stores all possible numbers
    set numbers;
 
    // Function call
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B);
 
    // Print all possible numbers
    for (int x : numbers) {
        cout << x << " ";
    }
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
public class MyClass{
 
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly N times
static void possibleNumbers(Set numbers, int N, int M, int A, int B)
{
    // If number of steps is 0 and
    // only possible number is N
    if (M == 0) {
        numbers.add(N);
        return;
    }
 
    // Add A to N and make a
    // recursive call for M - 1 steps
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + A, M - 1, A, B);
 
    // Add B to N and make a
    // recursive call for M-1 steps.
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + B, M - 1, A, B);
}
 
// Driver Code
  public static void main(String args[])
{
 
   // Given Inputs
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Stores all possible numbers
    Set numbers = new HashSet();
 
    // Function call
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B);
 
    // Print all possible numbers
    Iterator i = numbers.iterator();
        while (i.hasNext())
            System.out.print(i.next()+ " " );
}}
 
// This code is contributed by SoumikMondal

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to find all possible
# numbers that can be obtained
# by adding A or B to N exactly N times
def possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B):
     
    # If number of steps is 0 and
    # only possible number is N
    if (M == 0):
        numbers.add(N)
        return
 
    # Add A to N and make a
    # recursive call for M - 1 steps
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + A,
                    M - 1, A, B)
 
    # Add B to N and make a
    # recursive call for M-1 steps.
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N + B,
                    M - 1, A, B)
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    # Given Inputs
    N = 5
    M = 3
    A = 4
    B = 6
 
    # Stores all possible numbers
    numbers = set()
 
    # Function call
    possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B)
 
    # Print all possible numbers
    for x in numbers:
        print(x, end = " ")
         
# This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR

Javascript

// Javascript program for the above approach
 
        // Function to find all possible
        // numbers that can be obtained
        // by adding A or B to N exactly N times
        function possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B) {
            // If number of steps is 0 and
            // only possible number is N
            if (M == 0) {
                numbers.add(N);
                return;
            }
 
            // Add A to N and make a
            // recursive call for M - 1 steps
            possibleNumbers(numbers, N + A, M - 1, A, B);
 
            // Add B to N and make a
            // recursive call for M-1 steps.
            possibleNumbers(numbers, N + B, M - 1, A, B);
        }
 
        // Driver Code
 
        // Given Inputs
        var N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
        // Stores all possible numbers
        var numbers = new Set();
 
        // Function call
        possibleNumbers(numbers, N, M, A, B);
 
        // Print all possible numbers
        for (let x of numbers) {
            document.write(x+' ');
        }
 
 
 
    

输出：

17 19 21 23

时间复杂度： O(2 ^M )
辅助空间： O(M)

高效方法：这个问题具有重叠子问题属性和最优子结构属性。因此，可以使用动态规划来优化上述方法。

请按照以下步骤解决此问题：

• 初始化一个向量，比如dp[][]和一个集合，比如数字，其中dp[i][j]存储是否 在i步中是否访问了数字j 。
• 基本情况：如果M等于0，则唯一可能的数字是N 。
• 如果(N + A)尚未在(M-1)中获得^日步骤之前，再加入甲至N之后，使递归调用对于M – 1个步骤和标记DP [M – 1] [N + A]作为参观过。
• 如果(N + B)尚未在(M – 1)得到的^第步骤以前，然后添加B为N之后，使递归调用对于M – 1个步骤和标记DP [M – 1] [N + B]参观过。
• 最后，迭代设置的数字并打印所有数字。

下面是上述方法的实现

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
void possibleNumbers(int N, int M,
                     int A, int B)
{
    // For maintaining
    // increasing order
    if (A > B) {
        swap(A, B);
    }
 
    // Smallest number that
    // can be obtained
    int number = N + M * A;
    cout << number << " ";
 
    // If A and B are equal, then only
    // one number can be obtained, i.e. N + M*A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding others numbers,
        // subtract A from number once
        // and add B to number once
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            number = number - A + B;
            cout << number << " ";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for tha above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
     
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
static void possibleNumbers(int N, int M,
                            int A, int B)
{
     
    // For maintaining
    // increasing order
    if (A > B)
    {
        int temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that
    // can be obtained
    int number = N + M * A;
    System.out.print(number + " ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, then only
    // one number can be obtained, i.e. N + M*A
    if (A != B)
    {
         
        // For finding others numbers,
        // subtract A from number once
        // and add B to number once
        for(int i = 0; i < M; i++)
        {
            number = number - A + B;
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
}   
}
 
// This code is contributed by sanjoy_62

蟒蛇3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to find all possible
# numbers that can be obtained
# by adding A or B to N exactly M times
def possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B):
     
    # For maintaining
    # increasing order
    if (A > B):
        temp = A
        A = B
        B = temp
 
    # Smallest number that
    # can be obtained
    number = N + M * A
    print(number, end = " ")
 
    # If A and B are equal, then only
    # one number can be obtained, i.e. N + M*A
    if (A != B):
 
        # For finding others numbers,
        # subtract A from number once
        # and add B to number once
        for i in range(M):
            number = number - A + B
            print(number,end = " ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    # Given Input
    N = 5
    M = 3
    A = 4
    B = 6
 
    # Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B)
     
# This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR

C＃

// C# program for tha above approach
using System;
 
class GFG{
     
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
static void possibleNumbers(int N, int M, int A, int B)
{
     
    // For maintaining
    // increasing order
    if (A > B)
    {
        int temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that
    // can be obtained
    int number = N + M * A;
    Console.Write(number + " ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, then only
    // one number can be obtained, i.e. N + M*A
    if (A != B)
    {
         
        // For finding others numbers,
        // subtract A from number once
        // and add B to number once
        for(int i = 0; i < M; i++)
        {
            number = number - A + B;
            Console.Write(number + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
}   
}
 
// This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110

Javascript

 
// JavaScript program for the above approach
 
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
function possibleNumbers(N,M,A,B)
{
    var i;
    // For maintaining
    // increasing order
    if (A > B) {
        var temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that
    // can be obtained
    var number = N + M * A;
    document.write(number + " ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, then only
    // one number can be obtained, i.e. N + M*A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding others numbers,
        // subtract A from number once
        // and add B to number once
        for (i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            number = number - A + B;
            document.write(number +" ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
    // Given Input
    var N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
     

输出：

17 19 21 23

时间复杂度： O(M)
辅助空间： O(M*10 ⁵ )

高效方法：上述方法可以进一步优化贪婪。请按照以下步骤解决此问题：

• 如果A大于B ，则交换A和B以保持递增顺序。
• 初始化一个变量，比如number为N + M * A，即可以达到的最小数字，并打印number 。
• 如果A不等于B ，则使用变量i在范围[0, M – 1] 上迭代，并打印number – A + B 。

下面是上述方法的实现。

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
void possibleNumbers(int N, int M,
                     int A, int B)
{
    // For maintaining increasing order
    if (A > B) {
        swap(A, B);
    }
 
    // Smallest number that can be achieved
    int number = N + M * A;
    cout << number << " ";
 
    // If A and B are equal, the only number
    // that can be onbtained is N + M * A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding other numbers,
        // subtract A from number 1 time
        // and add B to number 1 time
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
 
            number = number - A + B;
            cout << number << " ";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for tha above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
     
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
static void possibleNumbers(int N, int M,
                     int A, int B)
{
   
    // For maintaining increasing order
    if (A > B)
    {
        int temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that can be achieved
    int number = N + M * A;
    System.out.print(number +" ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, the only number
    // that can be onbtained is N + M * A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding other numbers,
        // subtract A from number 1 time
        // and add B to number 1 time
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
 
            number = number - A + B;
            System.out.print(number +" ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
   
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110

蟒蛇3

# python 3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to find all possible
# numbers that can be obtained
# by adding A or B to N exactly M times
def possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B):
   
    # For maintaining increasing order
    if (A > B):
        temp = A
        A = B
        B = temp
 
    # Smallest number that can be achieved
    number = N + M * A
    print(number,end = " ")
 
    # If A and B are equal, the only number
    # that can be onbtained is N + M * A
    if (A != B):
 
        # For finding other numbers,
        # subtract A from number 1 time
        # and add B to number 1 time
        for i in range(M):
            number = number - A + B
            print(number,end= " ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Given Input
    N = 5
    M = 3
    A = 4
    B = 6
 
    # Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B)
     
    # This code is contributed by ipg2016107.

C＃

// C# program for tha above approach
using System;
class GFG
{
     
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
static void possibleNumbers(int N, int M,
                     int A, int B)
{
   
    // For maintaining increasing order
    if (A > B)
    {
        int temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that can be achieved
    int number = N + M * A;
    Console.Write(number +" ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, the only number
    // that can be onbtained is N + M * A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding other numbers,
        // subtract A from number 1 time
        // and add B to number 1 time
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
 
            number = number - A + B;
            Console.Write(number +" ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
   
    // Given Input
    int N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110

Javascript

// JavaScript program for tha above approach
// Function to find all possible
// numbers that can be obtained
// by adding A or B to N exactly M times
function possibleNumbers( N,  M, A,  B)
{
   
    // For maintaining increasing order
    if (A > B)
    {
        var temp = A;
        A = B;
        B = temp;
    }
 
    // Smallest number that can be achieved
    var number = N + M * A;
    document.write(number +" ");
 
    // If A and B are equal, the only number
    // that can be onbtained is N + M * A
    if (A != B) {
 
        // For finding other numbers,
        // subtract A from number 1 time
        // and add B to number 1 time
        for (var i = 0; i < M; i++) {
 
            number = number - A + B;
            document.write(number +" ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
// Given Input
    var N = 5, M = 3, A = 4, B = 6;
 
    // Function Call
    possibleNumbers(N, M, A, B);
 
// This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110

输出：

17 19 21 23

时间复杂度： O(M)
辅助空间： O(1)