📜  打印二叉树的所有指数级别

📅  最后修改于: 2021-09-05 10:58:14             🧑  作者: Mango

给定一个二叉树,任务是打印给定二叉树中的所有指数级别。

例子:

Input:
                  20
                /    \
               9      81
              / \    /  \
             3  10  70   243
                    /     \
                   81    909
Output:
 20
 9 81  
Explanation: 
There are 2 exponential levels:
20: 201 = 20.
9, 81: 32 = 9, 34 = 81.

Input: 
              8
           /     \
          4       81
         / \    /   \
        5  125  625   5
                    /   \
                   81   909
Output: 
8
5 125 625 5

方法:解决上述问题的主要思想是使用Level Order Tree Traversal。

  • 执行给定二叉树的级别顺序遍历并将每个级别存储在一个向量中。
  • 那么,在每一层中,如果每个节点都可以表示为 x y的形式,则对于 y ≥ 0。
  • 如果该层节点的任何值不等于xy ,则跳到下一层。
  • 打印上述条件为真的所有级别。

下面是上述方法的实现:

C++
// C++ program for printing all
// Exponential levels of binary Tree
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
int N = 1e6;
 
// To store all prime numbers
vector prime;
 
void SieveOfEratosthenes()
{
    // Create a boolean array "prime[0..N]" and initialize
    // all entries it as true. A value in prime[i] will
    // finally be false if i is Not a prime, else true.
    bool check[N + 1];
    memset(check, true, sizeof(check));
 
    for (int p = 2; p * p <= N; p++) {
 
        // check if prime[p] is not changed,
        // then it is a prime
        if (check[p] == true) {
            prime.push_back(p);
 
            // Update all multiples of p greater than or
            // equal to the square of it
            // numbers which are multiple of p and are
            // less than p^2 are already been marked.
            for (int i = p * p; i <= N; i += p)
                check[i] = false;
        }
    }
}
 
// A Tree node
struct Node {
    int key;
    struct Node *left, *right;
};
 
// Function to create a new node
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->key = key;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    return (temp);
}
 
// Function To check
// whether the given node
// equals to x^y for some y>0
bool is_key(int n, int x)
{
    double p;
 
    // Take logx(n) with base x
    p = log10(n) / log10(x);
 
    int no = (int)(pow(x, int(p)));
 
    if (n == no)
        return true;
 
    return false;
}
 
// Function to find x
int find_x(int n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return 1;
 
    double num, den, p;
 
    // Take log10 of n
    num = log10(n);
 
    int x, no;
 
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        den = log10(i);
 
        // Log(n) with base i
        p = num / den;
 
        // Raising i to the power p
        no = (int)(pow(i, int(p)));
 
        if (abs(no - n) < 1e-6) {
            x = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return x;
}
 
// Function to check whether Level
// is Exponential or not
bool isLevelExponential(vector& L)
{
 
    // retrieve the value of x
    // for that level
    int x = find_x(L[0]);
 
    for (int i = 1; i < L.size(); i++) {
 
        // Checking that element is
        // equal x^y for some y
        if (!is_key(L[i], x))
            return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
// Function to print an Exponential level
void printExponentialLevels(vector& Lev)
{
    for (auto x : Lev) {
        cout << x << " ";
    }
 
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Utility function to get Exponential
// Level of a given Binary tree
void find_ExponentialLevels(struct Node* node,
                            struct Node* queue[],
                            int index, int size)
{
 
    vector Lev;
 
    while (index < size) {
        int curr_size = size;
 
        while (index < curr_size) {
            struct Node* temp = queue[index];
 
            Lev.push_back(temp->key);
 
            // Push left child in a queue
            if (temp->left != NULL)
                queue[size++] = temp->left;
 
            // Push right child in a queue
            if (temp->right != NULL)
                queue[size++] = temp->right;
 
            // Increament index
            index++;
        }
 
        // check if level is exponential
        if (isLevelExponential(Lev)) {
 
            printExponentialLevels(Lev);
        }
        Lev.clear();
    }
}
 
// Function to find total no of nodes
// In a given binary tree
int findSize(struct Node* node)
{
    // Base condition
    if (node == NULL)
        return 0;
 
    return 1
           + findSize(node->left)
           + findSize(node->right);
}
 
// Function to find Exponential levels
// In a given binary tree
void printExponentialLevels(struct Node* node)
{
    int t_size = findSize(node);
 
    // Create queue
    struct Node* queue[t_size];
 
    // Push root node in a queue
    queue[0] = node;
 
    find_ExponentialLevels(node, queue, 0, 1);
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    /*            20
                /    \
               9      81
              / \    /  \
             3   9  81   243
                    /     \
                   81      909 */
 
    // Create Binary Tree as shown
    Node* root = newNode(20);
    root->left = newNode(9);
    root->right = newNode(81);
 
    root->left->left = newNode(3);
    root->left->right = newNode(9);
    root->right->left = newNode(81);
    root->right->right = newNode(243);
 
    root->right->left->left = newNode(81);
    root->right->right->right = newNode(909);
 
    // To save all prime numbers
    SieveOfEratosthenes();
 
    // Print Exponential Levels
    printExponentialLevels(root);
 
    return 0;
}


Python3
# Python3 program for printing
# all Exponential levels of
# binary Tree
import math
 
# A Tree node
class Node:
     
    def __init__(self, key):
         
        self.key = key
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
         
# Utility function to create
# a new node
def newNode(key):
     
    temp = Node(key)
    return temp
 
N = 1000000
  
# Vector to store all the
# prime numbers
prime = []
  
# Function to store all the
# prime numbers in an array
def SieveOfEratosthenes():
 
    # Create a boolean array "prime[0..N]"
    # and initialize all the entries in it
    # as true. A value in prime[i]
    # will finally be false if
    # i is Not a prime, else true.
    check = [True for i in range(N + 1)]
     
    p = 2
     
    while(p * p <= N):
  
        # If prime[p] is not
        # changed, then it is
        # a prime
        if (check[p]):
            prime.append(p);
  
            # Update all multiples of p
            # greater than or equal to
            # the square of it
            # numbers which are multiples of p
            # and are less than p^2
            # are already marked.
            for i in range(p * p, N + 1, p):
                check[i] = False;
             
        p += 1         
 
# Function To check
# whether the given node
# equals to x^y for some y>0
def is_key(n, x):
  
    # Take logx(n) with base x
    p = (math.log10(n) /
         math.log10(x));
  
    no = int(math.pow(x, int(p)));
  
    if (n == no):
        return True;
  
    return False;
  
# Function to find x
def find_x(n):
 
    if (n == 1):
        return 1;
  
    den = 0
    p = 0
  
    # Take log10 of n
    num = math.log10(n);
  
    x = 0
    no = 0;
     
    for i in range(2, n + 1):   
        den = math.log10(i);
  
        # Log(n) with base i
        p = num / den;
  
        # Raising i to the power p
        no = int(math.pow(i, int(p)));
  
        if(abs(no - n) < 0.000001):
            x = i;
            break;
         
    return x;
  
# Function to check whether Level
# is Exponential or not
def isLevelExponential(L):
 
    # retrieve the value of x
    # for that level
    x = find_x(L[0]);
     
    for i in range(1, len(L)):
  
        # Checking that element is
        # equal x^y for some y
        if (not is_key(L[i], x)):
            return False;
  
    return True;
  
# Function to print an
# Exponential level
def printExponentialLevels(Lev):
     
    for x in Lev:
        print(x, end = ' ')
     
    print()
  
# Utility function to get Exponential
# Level of a given Binary tree
def find_ExponentialLevels(node, queue,
                           index, size):
  
    Lev = []
  
    while (index < size):       
        curr_size = size;
        while index < curr_size:           
            temp = queue[index]; 
            Lev.append(temp.key);
  
            # Push left child in a queue
            if (temp.left != None):
                queue[size] = temp.left;
                size += 1
  
            # Push right child in a queue
            if (temp.right != None):
                queue[size] = temp.right;
                size += 1
  
            # Increament index
            index += 1;       
  
        # check if level is exponential
        if (isLevelExponential(Lev)):
            printExponentialLevels(Lev);
         
        Lev.clear();   
  
# Function to find total no of nodes
# In a given binary tree
def findSize(node):
 
    # Base condition
    if (node == None):
        return 0;
  
    return (1 + findSize(node.left) +
                findSize(node.right));
 
 # Function to find Exponential levels
# In a given binary tree
def printExponentialLevel(node):
 
    t_size = findSize(node);
  
    # Create queue
    queue=[0 for i in range(t_size)]
  
    # Push root node in a queue
    queue[0] = node;
  
    find_ExponentialLevels(node, queue,
                           0, 1);
     
# Driver code   
if __name__ == "__main__":
     
    '''            20
                /    \
               9      81
              / \    /  \
             3   9  81   243
                    /     \
                   81      909 '''
  
    # Create Binary Tree as shown
    root = newNode(20);
    root.left = newNode(9);
    root.right = newNode(81);
  
    root.left.left = newNode(3);
    root.left.right = newNode(9);
    root.right.left = newNode(81);
    root.right.right = newNode(243);
  
    root.right.left.left = newNode(81);
    root.right.right.right = newNode(909);
  
    # To save all prime numbers
    SieveOfEratosthenes();
  
    # Print Exponential Levels
    printExponentialLevel(root);
 
# This code is contributed by Rutvik_56


输出:
20 
9 81 
3 9 81 243

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