计算所有子数组的相等元素的无序对

给定一个由N 个整数组成的数组arr[] ，任务是找到数组中无序对(i, j)的总数，使得arr[i]等于arr[j]并且对于所有子数组i < j给定数组的。

例子：

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 1}
Output: 6
Explanation: All subarrays of the given array of size greater than 1 are:

1. {1, 2}: There are no such pairs satisfying the given criteria. Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 0.
2. {2, 1}: There are no such pairs satisfying the given criteria. Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 0.
3. {1, 1}: The pairs satisfying the given criteria are (0, 1). Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 1.
4. {1, 2, 1}: The pairs satisfying the given criteria are (0, 2). Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 1.
5. {2, 1, 1}: The pairs satisfying the given criteria are (1, 1). Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 1.
6. {1, 2, 1, 1}: The pairs satisfying the given criteria are (0, 2), (0, 3), and (2, 3). Hence, the count of pairs for the current subarray is 3.

Therefore, the total count from all the subarrays = 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 = 6.

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 3}
Output: 2

朴素方法：解决给定问题的最简单方法是生成大小大于 1 的所有可能子数组，并为给定数组的所有可能子数组找到满足给定条件的对的计数和。

时间复杂度： O(N ² )
辅助空间： O(N)

高效的方法：上述方法也可以通过将每个不同元素对应的所有位置存储在一个 Map 中，然后对每个元素遍历该元素对应的位置并计算每对出现的子数组的数量来优化上述方法。请按照以下步骤解决问题：

• 将映射M初始化为将键作为一对，将值作为向量。
• 初始化另一个变量，比如ans为0 ，它存储满足给定标准的对的总数。
• 遍历使用变量i在给定数组ARR []和i的值附加到键M [ARR [I]]。
• 遍历地图M并执行以下步骤：
  • 初始化一个向量，比如V作为与当前键对应的值。
  • 初始化一个变量，比如sum为0 。
  • 遍历每个元素V[j]的给定向量V将(sum*(N – V[j]))的值添加到变量ans并将值(V[j] + 1) 添加到变量sum 。
• 完成以上步骤后，打印ans的值作为结果。

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to count all pairs (i, j)
// such that arr[i] equals arr[j] in
// all possible subarrays of the array
void countPairs(vector arr)
{
    // Stores the size of the array
    int N = arr.size();
    int ans = 0;
 
    // Stores the positions of all
    // the distinct elements
    map > M;
 
    // Append index corresponding
    // to arr[i] in the map
    for (int i = 0;
         i < arr.size(); i++) {
        M[arr[i]].push_back(i);
    }
 
    // Traverse the map M
    for (auto it : M) {
 
        vector v = it.second;
        int sum = 0;
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (int j = 0;
             j < v.size(); j++) {
 
            // Update the value of
            // ans
            ans += sum * (N - v[j]);
 
            // Update the value of
            // the sum
            sum += v[j] + 1;
        }
    }
 
    // Print the value of ans
    cout << ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    vector arr = { 1, 2, 1, 1 };
    countPairs(arr);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.List;
import com.google.common.collect.*;
 
class GFG {
     
    // Function to count all pairs (i, j)
    // such that arr[i] equals arr[j] in
    // all possible subarrays of the array
    static void countPairs(int[] arr)
    {
        // Stores the size of the array
        int N = arr.length;
        int ans = 0;
     
        // Stores the positions of all
        // the distinct elements
        ListMultimap M = ArrayListMultimap.create();
     
        // Append index corresponding
        // to arr[i] in the map
        for (int i = 0;
             i < arr.length; i++) {
            M.put(arr[i], i);
        }
     
        // Traverse the map M
        for (var it: M.keySet()) {
            List v = M.get(it);
            int sum = 0;
     
            // Traverse the array
            for (int j : v) {
     
                // Update the value of
                // ans
                ans += sum * (N - j);
     
                // Update the value of
                // the sum
                sum += j + 1;
            }
        }
     
        // Print the value of ans
        System.out.println(ans);
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    public static void main (String[] args) {
        int[] arr = { 1, 2, 1, 1 };
        countPairs(arr);
    }
}
 
// This Code is contributed by ShubhamSingh10

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to count all pairs (i, j)
# such that arr[i] equals arr[j] in
# all possible subarrays of the array
def countPairs(arr):
     
    # Stores the size of the array
    N = len(arr)
    ans = 0
     
    # Stores the positions of all
    # the distinct elements
    M = {}
 
    # Append index corresponding
    # to arr[i] in the map
    for i in range(len(arr)):
        if arr[i] in M:
            M[arr[i]].append(i)
        else:
            M[arr[i]] = [i]
 
    # Traverse the map M
    for key, value in M.items():
        v = value
        sum1 = 0
 
        # Traverse the array
        for j in range(len(v)):
 
            # Update the value of
            # ans
            ans += (sum1 * (N - v[j]))
 
            # Update the value of
            # the sum
            sum1 += v[j] + 1
 
    # Print the value of ans
    print(ans)
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    arr = [ 1, 2, 1, 1 ]
     
    countPairs(arr)
 
# This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR

Javascript

 
// JavaScript program for the above approach
 
// Function to count all pairs (i, j)
// such that arr[i] equals arr[j] in
// all possible subarrays of the array
function countPairs(arr) {
    // Stores the size of the array
    let N = arr.length;
    let ans = 0;
 
    // Stores the positions of all
    // the distinct elements
    let M = new Map();
 
    // Append index corresponding
    // to arr[i] in the map
    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        if (M.has(arr[i])) {
            M.get(arr[i]).push(i);
        } else {
            M.set(arr[i], [i])
        }
    }
 
    // Traverse the map M
    for (let it of M) {
 
        let v = it[1];
        let sum = 0;
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (let j = 0; j < v.length; j++) {
 
            // Update the value of
            // ans
            ans += sum * (N - v[j]);
 
            // Update the value of
            // the sum
            sum += v[j] + 1;
        }
    }
 
    // Print the value of ans
    document.write(ans);
}
 
// Driver Code
 
let arr = [1, 2, 1, 1];
countPairs(arr);
 

输出：

6

时间复杂度： O(N*log N)
辅助空间： O(N)

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