先决条件 – 微控制器 (µC) 和微处理器 (µP) 之间的区别
微控制器是单个集成电路 (IC)，可与小型独立计算机相媲美，旨在执行嵌入式系统的特定任务。微控制器包含处理单元和少量内存(ROM、RAM 等)、少量用于外设、定时器等的 I/O 端口。AVR 和 MSP430 属于微控制器系列。 MSP430 微控制器和 AVR 微控制器在不同的架构和不同的指令集、速度、转换、内存、功耗、总线宽度等方面彼此不同。现在让我们详细了解它们之间的区别。
1. AVR 微控制器：
AVR 微控制器由 Atmel 公司于 1996 年制造。它基于 RISC 指令集架构 (ISA)，也称为高级虚拟 RISC。 AT90S8515 是最初属于 AVR 家族的微控制器。 AVR 微控制器是最受欢迎的控制器类别，而且价格便宜。它用于许多机器人应用。
2. MSP430 微控制器：
它是德州仪器 (TI) 的 16 位微控制器系列，于 1992 年 2 月 14 日首次推出。它是最简单的微控制器之一，专为低成本，特别是低功耗嵌入式应用而设计。它是一个混合信号微控制器，意味着单个 IC 具有模拟和数字电路。 MSP430 微控制器基于冯诺依曼架构。它可以使用各种 IDE 进行编程。它比 PIC、AVR 和其他微控制器的速度相对较快。
AVR 和 MSP430 的区别：
| S.No. | AVR | MSP430 |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Bus width of AVR micro-controller is 8/32-bit. | Bus width of MSP430 micro-controller is 16-bit. |
| 02. | AVR micro-controller supports UART, USART, SPI, I2C communication protocols. | MSP430 micro-controller supports UART, USART, LIN, I2C, SPI, I2S. IrDA communication protocols. |
| 03. | Its speed is 1 clock/ instruction cycle. | Its speed is 6 clock/ instruction cycle. |
| 04. | AVR micro-controller is based on RISC Instruction Set Architecture. | MSP430 micro-controller is based on some features of RISC. |
| 05. | It is based on modified Havard architecture. | It is based on Von-Neumann architecture. |
| 06. | Its families include Tiny, Atmega, Xmega, special purpose AVR. | Its families include MSP430X, MSP430FR57xx, MSP430x1xx to x6xx series. |
| 07. | AVR micro-controller has very good community support. | MSP430 micro-controller has average community support. |
| 08. | Manufcturer of AVR micro-controller is Atmel. | Manufacturer of MSP430 micro-controller is Texas Instruments. |
| 09. | AVR micro-controllers are known for its low cost and effective. | MSP430 micro-controllera are known for its ultra low power operation. |
| 10. | Popular micro-controllers are Atmega8, 16, 32, Arduino Community. | Popular micro-controllers are MSP430G2553, MSP430 Launchpad. |