Python – 使用 Tkinter 的摩尔斯电码翻译 GUI
先决条件： tkinter 简介 |莫尔斯电码翻译器
Python为开发 GUI（图形用户界面）提供了多种选择。在所有的 GUI 方法中，Tkinter 是最常用的方法。带有 Tkinter 的Python输出创建 GUI 应用程序的最快和最简单的方法。在本文中，我们将学习如何使用 Tkinter 创建摩尔斯电码翻译器应用程序。
To create a tkinter :
- Importing the module – tkinter
- Create the main window (container)
- Add any number of widgets to the main window.
- Apply the event Trigger on the widgets.
下面是 GUI 的样子：
让我们创建一个基于 GUI 的莫尔斯电码翻译器应用程序，它可以将莫尔斯电码转换成英文码，反之亦然。
下面是实现：
Python3
# import all functions from the tkinter
from tkinter import *
# import messagebox class from tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox
# Create a GUI window
root = Tk()
# create a global variables
variable1 = StringVar(root)
variable2 = StringVar(root)
# initialise the variables
variable1.set("lang-code")
variable2.set("lang-code")
'''
VARIABLE KEY
'cipher' -> 'stores the morse translated form of the english string'
'decipher' -> 'stores the english translated form of the morse string'
'citext' -> 'stores morse code of a single character'
'i' -> 'keeps count of the spaces between morse characters'
'message' -> 'stores the string to be encoded or decoded'
'''
# Dictionary representing the morse code chart
MORSE_CODE_DICT = { 'A':'.-', 'B':'-...',
'C':'-.-.', 'D':'-..', 'E':'.',
'F':'..-.', 'G':'--.', 'H':'....',
'I':'..', 'J':'.---', 'K':'-.-',
'L':'.-..', 'M':'--', 'N':'-.',
'O':'---', 'P':'.--.', 'Q':'--.-',
'R':'.-.', 'S':'...', 'T':'-',
'U':'..-', 'V':'...-', 'W':'.--',
'X':'-..-', 'Y':'-.--', 'Z':'--..',
'1':'.----', '2':'..---', '3':'...--',
'4':'....-', '5':'.....', '6':'-....',
'7':'--...', '8':'---..', '9':'----.',
'0':'-----', ', ':'--..--', '.':'.-.-.-',
'?':'..--..', '/':'-..-.', '-':'-....-',
'(':'-.--.', ')':'-.--.-'}
# Function to clear both the text areas
def clearAll() :
# whole content of text area is deleted
language1_field.delete(1.0, END)
language2_field.delete(1.0, END)
# Function to perform conversion from one
# language to another
def convert() :
# get a whole input content from text box
# ignoring \n from the text box content
message = language1_field.get("1.0", "end")[:-1]
# get the content from variable1 and 2, check their values
if variable1.get() == variable2.get() :
# show the error message
messagebox.showerror("Can't Be same Language")
return
elif variable1.get() == "Eng" and variable2.get() == "Morse" :
# function call
rslt = encrypt(message)
elif variable1.get() == "Morse" and variable2.get() == "Eng" :
# function call
rslt = decrypt(message)
else :
# show the error message
messagebox.showerror("please choose valid language code..")
return
# insert content into text area
# from rslt variable
language2_field.insert('end -1 chars', rslt)
# Function to encrypt the string
# according to the morse code chart
def encrypt(message):
cipher = ''
for letter in message:
if letter != ' ':
# Looks up the dictionary and adds the
# corresponding morse code
# along with a space to separate
# morse codes for different characters
cipher += MORSE_CODE_DICT[letter] + ' '
else:
# 1 space indicates different characters
# and 2 indicates different words
cipher += ' '
return cipher
# Function to decrypt the string
# from morse to english
def decrypt(message):
# extra space added at the end to access the
# last morse code
message += ' '
decipher = ''
citext = ''
for letter in message:
# checks for space
if (letter != ' '):
# counter to keep track of space
i = 0
# storing morse code of a single character
citext += letter
# in case of space
else:
# if i = 1 that indicates a new character
i += 1
# if i = 2 that indicates a new word
if i == 2 :
# adding space to separate words
decipher += ' '
else:
# accessing the keys using their values
# (reverse of encryption)
decipher += list(MORSE_CODE_DICT.keys())[
list(MORSE_CODE_DICT .values()).index(citext)]
citext = ''
return decipher
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__" :
# Set the background colour of GUI window
root.configure(background = 'light green')
# Set the configuration of GUI window (WidthxHeight)
root.geometry("400x350")
# set the name of tkinter GUI window
root.title("Translator")
# Create Welcome to Morse Code Translator label
headlabel = Label(root, text = 'Welcome to Morse Code Translator',
fg = 'black', bg = "red")
# Create a "One Language " label
label1 = Label(root, text = "One Language ",
fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')
# Create a "From Language " label
label2 = Label(root, text = "From Language",
fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')
# Create a "To Language " label
label3 = Label(root, text = "To Language ",
fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')
# Create a "Converted Language " label
label4 = Label(root, text = "Converted Language ",
fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')
# grid method is used for placing
# the widgets at respective positions
# in table like structure .
headlabel.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
label1.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
label2.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
label3.grid(row = 3, column = 0)
label4.grid(row = 5, column = 0)
# Create a text area box
# for filling or typing the information.
language1_field = Text(root, height = 5, width = 25,
font = "lucida 13")
language2_field = Text(root, height = 5, width = 25,
font = "lucida 13")
# padx keyword argument used to set padding along x-axis .
language1_field.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 10)
language2_field.grid(row = 5, column = 1, padx = 10)
# list of language codes
languageCode_list = ["Eng", "Morse"]
# create a drop down menu using OptionMenu function
# which takes window name, variable and choices as
# an argument. use * before the name of the list,
# to unpack the values
FromLanguage_option = OptionMenu(root, variable1, *languageCode_list)
ToLanguage_option = OptionMenu(root, variable2, *languageCode_list)
FromLanguage_option.grid(row = 2, column = 1, ipadx = 10)
ToLanguage_option.grid(row = 3, column = 1, ipadx = 10)
# Create a Convert Button and attached
# with convert function
button1 = Button(root, text = "Convert", bg = "red", fg = "black",
command = convert)
button1.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
# Create a Clear Button and attached
# with clearAll function
button2 = Button(root, text = "Clear", bg = "red",
fg = "black", command = clearAll)
button2.grid(row = 6, column = 1)
# Start the GUI
root.mainloop()输出 ：