单调推理与非单调推理

Definitions:

Monotonic means something that does not vary or change.

Non-Monotonic means something which can vary according to the situation or condition.

单调推理

单调推理是不改变其方向或可以说它朝一个方向移动的过程。

• 单调推理将连续朝同一方向移动，这意味着它将以递增或递减的顺序移动。
• 但由于单调推理依赖于知识和事实，在这种推理中它只会增加，永远不会减少。
• 例子：
  • 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。

非单调推理

非单调推理是随着知识库的增加而改变其方向或价值的过程。

• 它在人工智能中也被称为核磁共振。
• 非单调推理会根据条件增加或减少。
• 由于非单调推理依赖于知识和事实，它会随着知识或事实的提高而改变。
• 例子：
  • 考虑一碗水，如果我们把它放在炉子上并打开火焰，它显然会沸腾，当我们关闭火焰时，它会逐渐冷却。

单调推理与非单调推理

	Monotonic Reasoning	Non-Monotonic Reasoning
1	Monotonic Reasoning is the process which does not change its direction or can say that it moves in the one direction.	Non-monotonic Reasoning is the process which changes its direction or values as the knowledge base increases.
2	Monotonic Reasoning deals with very specific type of models, which has valid proofs.	Non-monotonic reasoning deals with incomplete or not known facts.
3	The addition in knowledge won’t change the result.	The addition in knowledge will invalidate the previous conclusions and change the result.
4	In monotonic reasoning, results are always true, therefore, set of prepositions will only increase.	In non-monotonic reasoning, results and set of prepositions will increase and decrease based on condition of added knowledge.
5	Monotonic Reasoning is based on true facts.	Non-monotonic Reasoning is based on assumptions.
6	Deductive Reasoning is the type of monotonic reasoning.	Abductive Reasoning and Human Reasoning is a non-monotonic type of reasoning.