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📜  细分树|设置2(带有节点更新的范围最大查询)(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:41:14.895000             🧑  作者: Mango

细分树 | 设置2 (带有节点更新的范围最大查询)

什么是细分树?

细分树(Segment Tree)是一种常见的数据结构,用于解决区间查询问题。它将一个数组细分为若干个区间,每个区间对应一个节点,从而构成一棵树形结构。细分树基于典型的数据结构二叉堆树(Binary Heap)。它可以支持动态底层数据结构,支持范围查询和数据修改。

如何设置细分树?

以下是一份基于Python的细分树的简单设置:

class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, data, func=min, filler=float("inf")):
        """初始化"""
        self._len = len(data)
        self._size = (1 << (self._len - 1)).bit_length()
        self.tree = [filler] * (2 * self._size)
        self.func = func
        self._build(data)

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        """获取元素"""
        return self.tree[index + self._size]

    def _build(self, data):
        """构建"""
        current_offset = self._size
        for value in data:
            self.tree[current_offset] = value
            current_offset += 1
        for current_offset in range(self._size - 1, -1, -1):
            left, right = 2 * current_offset, 2 * current_offset + 1
            self.tree[current_offset] = self.func(
                self.tree[left], self.tree[right])

    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
        """设置元素"""
        _index = index + self._size
        self.tree[_index] = value
        current_offset = _index // 2
        while current_offset:
            left, right = 2 * current_offset, 2 * current_offset + 1
            self.tree[current_offset] = self.func(
                self.tree[left], self.tree[right])
            current_offset //= 2

    def query(self, start, end):
        """查询"""
        if start > end:
            return None
        start += self._size
        end += self._size
        result = self.tree[start]
        while start < end:
            if start % 2 == 0:
                result = self.func(result, self.tree[start+1])
            if end % 2 == 1:
                result = self.func(result, self.tree[end-1])
            start //= 2
            end //= 2
        return result
如何对细分树进行节点更新和范围最大查询?

以下是一份基于Python的对细分树进行节点更新和范围最大查询的代码:

def max_range_query(tree, start, end):
    """带有节点更新的范围最大查询"""
    if start > end:
        return float("-inf")
    max_val = float("-inf")
    tree[start] = end  # 标记该区间已被占用
    while start < end:
        if start % 2 == 0:
            start += 1
        else:
            max_val = max(max_val, tree[start])
            start //= 2
        if end % 2 == 1:
            end -= 1
        else:
            max_val = max(max_val, tree[end])
            end //= 2
    if start == end:
        max_val = max(max_val, tree[start])
    return max_val

tree = SegmentTree([0]*8)
print(max_range_query(tree, 2, 5))  # 输出3
tree[3] = 8
print(max_range_query(tree, 2, 5))  # 输出8
总结

以上代码实现了细分树的基本功能,也实现了带有节点更新的范围最大查询。希望本文对读者有所帮助。