📜  合并两个排序列表的 C++ 程序(就地)

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:57:43.366000             🧑  作者: Mango

合并两个排序列表的 C++ 程序(就地)

给定两个排序列表,将它们合并以产生一个组合排序列表(不使用额外空间)。
例子:

Input: head1: 5->7->9
        head2: 4->6->8 
Output: 4->5->6->7->8->9
Explanation: The output list is in sorted order.

Input: head1: 1->3->5->7
        head2: 2->4
Output: 1->2->3->4->5->7
Explanation: The output list is in sorted order.

下面的帖子中有不同的讨论不同的解决方案。
合并两个排序的链表

方法1(递归):

方法:给定链表已排序,可以形成递归解决方案。

  1. 比较两个链表的头部。
  2. 在两个头节点中找到较小的节点。当前元素将是两个头节点中较小的节点。
  3. 两个列表的其余元素将在此之后出现。
  4. 现在运行一个带有参数的递归函数、较小元素的下一个节点和另一个头。
  5. 递归函数将返回与排序元素的其余部分链接的下一个较小元素。现在将当前元素的下一个指向该元素,即curr_ele->next=recursivefunction()
  6. 处理一些极端情况。
    • 如果两个头都为 NULL,则返回 null。
    • 如果一个头为空,则返回另一个。
C++
// C program to merge two sorted 
// linked lists in-place.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
struct Node 
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
// Function to create newNode 
// in a linkedlist
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    struct Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// A utility function to print 
// linked list
void printList(Node* node)
{
    while (node != NULL) 
    {
        printf("%d  ", node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}
  
// Merges two given lists in-place. 
// This function mainly compares head 
// nodes and calls mergeUtil()
Node* merge(Node* h1, Node* h2)
{
    if (!h1)
        return h2;
    if (!h2)
        return h1;
  
    // start with the linked list
    // whose head data is the least
    if (h1->data < h2->data) 
    {
        h1->next = merge(h1->next, h2);
        return h1;
    }
    else 
    {
        h2->next = merge(h1, h2->next);
        return h2;
    }
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    Node* head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next = newNode(5);
  
    // 1->3->5 LinkedList created
    Node* head2 = newNode(0);
    head2->next = newNode(2);
    head2->next->next = newNode(4);
  
    // 0->2->4 LinkedList created
    Node* mergedhead = merge(head1, head2);
  
    printList(mergedhead);
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to merge two sorted 
// linked lists in-place.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
struct Node 
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
// Function to create newNode in 
// a linkedlist
struct Node* newNode(int key)
{
    struct Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// A utility function to print 
// linked list
void printList(struct Node* node)
{
    while (node != NULL) 
    {
        printf("%d  ", node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}
  
// Merges two lists with headers as h1 
// and h2. It assumes that h1's data is 
// smaller than or equal to h2's data.
struct Node* mergeUtil(struct Node* h1,
                       struct Node* h2)
{
    // If only one node in first list
    // simply point its head to second list
    if (!h1->next) 
    {
        h1->next = h2;
        return h1;
    }
  
    // Initialize current and next pointers 
    // of both lists
    struct Node *curr1 = h1, 
                *next1 = h1->next;
    struct Node *curr2 = h2, 
                *next2 = h2->next;
  
    while (next1 && curr2) 
    {
        // if curr2 lies in between curr1 
        // and next1 then do curr1->curr2->next1
        if ((curr2->data) >= (curr1->data) && 
            (curr2->data) <= (next1->data)) 
        {
            next2 = curr2->next;
            curr1->next = curr2;
            curr2->next = next1;
  
            // now let curr1 and curr2 to point
            // to their immediate next pointers
            curr1 = curr2;
            curr2 = next2;
        }
        else 
        {
            // if more nodes in first list
            if (next1->next) 
            {
                next1 = next1->next;
                curr1 = curr1->next;
            }
  
            // else point the last node of 
            // first list to the remaining 
            // nodes of second list
            else 
            {
                next1->next = curr2;
                return h1;
            }
        }
    }
    return h1;
}
  
// Merges two given lists in-place. 
// This function mainly compares head 
// nodes and calls mergeUtil()
struct Node* merge(struct Node* h1,
                   struct Node* h2)
{
    if (!h1)
        return h2;
    if (!h2)
        return h1;
  
    // start with the linked list
    // whose head data is the least
    if (h1->data < h2->data)
        return mergeUtil(h1, h2);
    else
        return mergeUtil(h2, h1);
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    struct Node* head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next = newNode(5);
  
    // 1->3->5 LinkedList created
    struct Node* head2 = newNode(0);
    head2->next = newNode(2);
    head2->next->next = newNode(4);
  
    // 0->2->4 LinkedList created
    struct Node* mergedhead = merge(head1, head2);
  
    printList(mergedhead);
    return 0;
}


输出:

0 1 2 3 4 5 

复杂性分析:

  • 时间复杂度: O(n)。
    只需要遍历一次链表。
  • 辅助空间: O(n)。
    如果考虑递归堆栈空间。

方法2(迭代):

方法:这种方法与上述递归方法非常相似。

  1. 从头到尾遍历列表。
  2. 如果第二个列表的头节点位于第一个列表的两个节点之间,则将其插入其中并使第二个列表的下一个节点成为头。继续此操作,直到两个列表中都没有节点,即遍历两个列表。
  3. 如果第一个列表在遍历时到达末尾,则将下一个节点指向第二个列表的头部。

注意:比较两个列表,其中头部值较小的列表是第一个列表。

C++

// C++ program to merge two sorted 
// linked lists in-place.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
struct Node 
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
// Function to create newNode in 
// a linkedlist
struct Node* newNode(int key)
{
    struct Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// A utility function to print 
// linked list
void printList(struct Node* node)
{
    while (node != NULL) 
    {
        printf("%d  ", node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}
  
// Merges two lists with headers as h1 
// and h2. It assumes that h1's data is 
// smaller than or equal to h2's data.
struct Node* mergeUtil(struct Node* h1,
                       struct Node* h2)
{
    // If only one node in first list
    // simply point its head to second list
    if (!h1->next) 
    {
        h1->next = h2;
        return h1;
    }
  
    // Initialize current and next pointers 
    // of both lists
    struct Node *curr1 = h1, 
                *next1 = h1->next;
    struct Node *curr2 = h2, 
                *next2 = h2->next;
  
    while (next1 && curr2) 
    {
        // if curr2 lies in between curr1 
        // and next1 then do curr1->curr2->next1
        if ((curr2->data) >= (curr1->data) && 
            (curr2->data) <= (next1->data)) 
        {
            next2 = curr2->next;
            curr1->next = curr2;
            curr2->next = next1;
  
            // now let curr1 and curr2 to point
            // to their immediate next pointers
            curr1 = curr2;
            curr2 = next2;
        }
        else 
        {
            // if more nodes in first list
            if (next1->next) 
            {
                next1 = next1->next;
                curr1 = curr1->next;
            }
  
            // else point the last node of 
            // first list to the remaining 
            // nodes of second list
            else 
            {
                next1->next = curr2;
                return h1;
            }
        }
    }
    return h1;
}
  
// Merges two given lists in-place. 
// This function mainly compares head 
// nodes and calls mergeUtil()
struct Node* merge(struct Node* h1,
                   struct Node* h2)
{
    if (!h1)
        return h2;
    if (!h2)
        return h1;
  
    // start with the linked list
    // whose head data is the least
    if (h1->data < h2->data)
        return mergeUtil(h1, h2);
    else
        return mergeUtil(h2, h1);
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    struct Node* head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next = newNode(5);
  
    // 1->3->5 LinkedList created
    struct Node* head2 = newNode(0);
    head2->next = newNode(2);
    head2->next->next = newNode(4);
  
    // 0->2->4 LinkedList created
    struct Node* mergedhead = merge(head1, head2);
  
    printList(mergedhead);
    return 0;
}

输出:

0 1 2 3 4 5 

复杂性分析:

  • 时间复杂度: O(n)。
    因为只需要遍历一次链表。
  • 辅助空间: O(1)。
    因为不需要空间。

有关更多详细信息,请参阅有关合并两个排序列表(就地)的完整文章!