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📜  重新排列数组,使每两个连续元素的乘积为4的倍数

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-04 18:39:08             🧑  作者: Mango

给定大小为N的数组arr [] ,任务是重新排列数组元素,以便对于每个索引i (1 <= i <= N – 1),arr [i]和arr [i – 1]的乘积是4的倍数。
例子:

天真的方法:
解决问题的最简单方法是生成数组的所有可能排列,对于每个排列,请检查每两个连续元素的乘积是否为4的倍数。

时间复杂度: O(N ^ 2 * N!)
辅助空间: O(N!)

高效方法:
请按照以下步骤优化上述方法:

  • 初始化以下三个变量:
    • 奇数=奇数个元素的数量。
    • 4 =被4整除的元素
    • non_four =不能被4整除偶数元素的数量。
  • 请考虑以下两种情况:
    • 情况1:non_four = 0
      在这种情况下,不存在无法被4整除的偶数元素。
      • 最佳方法是先将“奇数”元素首先在数组中的其他位置放置。
      • 用偶数元素填充空缺。
  • 因此,为了使该方法在数学上可行,偶数和奇数元素的计数之差不应超过1。
  • 情况2:non_four> 0

在这种情况下,数组中甚至存在不能被4整除的元素。

  • 遵循与上述完全相同的策略,将被4整除的元素放在替代位置,然后在空缺中放置奇数元素。
  • 然后,将所有剩余的偶数元素放在数组的末尾。这是因为两个偶数的乘积始终可被4整除。因此,将偶数元素放置在数组的末尾可确保其中连续元素的乘积可被4整除。
  • 为了使这在数学上可行,四个> =奇数

下面是上述方法的实现:

C++
// C++ Program to rearray array
// elements such that the product
// of every two consecutive
// elements is a multiple of 4
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to rearrange array
// elements such that the every
// two consecutive elements is
// a multiple of 4
void Permute(vector& arr,
            int n)
{
 
    int odd = 0, four = 0;
    int non_four = 0;
 
    vector ODD, FOUR,
        NON_FOUR;
 
    for (auto x : arr) {
 
        // If element is odd
        if (x & 1) {
            odd++;
            // Odd
            ODD.push_back(x);
        }
 
        // If element is divisible
        // by 4
        else if (x % 4 == 0) {
            four++;
            // Divisible by 4
            FOUR.push_back(x);
        }
 
        // If element is not
        // divisible by 4
        else {
            non_four++;
            // Even but not divisble
            // by 4
            NON_FOUR.push_back(x);
        }
    }
 
    // Condition for rearrangement
    // to be possible
    if (non_four == 0
        && four >= odd - 1) {
 
        int x = ODD.size();
        int y = FOUR.size();
        int i;
 
        // Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
        // consecutively
        for (i = 0; i < x; i++) {
            cout << ODD[i] << " ";
            if (i < y)
                cout << FOUR[i] << " ";
        }
 
        // Print the remaining
        // FOUR[i], if any
        while (i < y)
            cout << FOUR[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
 
    // Condition for rearrangement
    // to be possible
    else if (non_four > 0
            and four >= odd) {
 
        int x = ODD.size();
        int y = FOUR.size();
        int i;
 
        // Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
        // consecutively
        for (i = 0; i < x; i++) {
            cout << ODD[i] << " ";
            if (i < y)
                cout << FOUR[i] << " ";
        }
 
        // Print the remaining
        // FOUR[i], if any
        while (i < y)
            cout << FOUR[i] << " ";
 
        // Print the NON_FOUR[i]
        // elements at the end
        for (int j = 0;
            j < (int)NON_FOUR.size();
            j++)
            cout << NON_FOUR[j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    else
 
        // No possible configuration
        cout << "Not Possible" << endl;
}
 
// Driver Code
signed main()
{
 
    vector arr = { 2, 7, 1,
                        8, 2, 8 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr);
    Permute(arr, N);
 
    return 0;
}


Java
// Java program to rearray array
// elements such that the product
// of every two consecutive
// elements is a multiple of
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
     
// Function to rearrange array
// elements such that the every
// two consecutive elements is
// a multiple of 4
public static void Permute(Vector arr, int n)
{
    int odd = 0, four = 0;
    int non_four = 0;
 
    Vector ODD = new Vector();
    Vector FOUR = new Vector(n);
    Vector NON_FOUR = new Vector(n);
 
    for(int x : arr)
    {
         
        // If element is odd
        if (x % 2 != 0)
        {
            odd++;
             
            // Odd
            ODD.add(x);
        }
 
        // If element is divisible
        // by 4
        else if (x % 4 == 0)
        {
            four++;
             
            // Divisible by 4
            FOUR.add(x);
        }
 
        // If element is not
        // divisible by 4
        else
        {
            non_four++;
             
            // Even but not divisble
            // by 4
            NON_FOUR.add(x);
        }
    }
 
    // Condition for rearrangement
    // to be possible
    if (non_four == 0 && four >= odd - 1)
    {
        int x = ODD.size();
        int y = FOUR.size();
        int i;
 
        // Print ODD.get(i) and FOUR.get(i)
        // consecutively
        for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
        {
            System.out.print(ODD.get(i) + " ");
             
            if (i < y)
                System.out.print(FOUR.get(i) + " ");
        }
 
        // Print the remaining
        // FOUR.get(i), if any
        while (i < y)
            System.out.print(FOUR.get(i) + " ");
             
        System.out.println();
    }
 
    // Condition for rearrangement
    // to be possible
    else if (non_four > 0 && four >= odd)
    {
        int x = ODD.size();
        int y = FOUR.size();
        int i;
 
        // Print ODD.get(i) and FOUR.get(i)
        // consecutively
        for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
        {
            System.out.print(ODD.get(i) + " ");
             
            if (i < y)
                System.out.print(FOUR.get(i) + " ");
        }
 
        // Print the remaining
        // FOUR.get(i), if any
        while (i < y)
            System.out.print(FOUR.get(i) + " ");
 
        // Print the NON_FOUR.get(i)
        // elements at the end
        for(int j = 0; j < (int)NON_FOUR.size(); j++)
            System.out.print(NON_FOUR.get(j) + " ");
             
        System.out.println();
    }
    else
 
        // No possible configuration
        System.out.println("Not Possible");
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    Vector arr = new Vector();
    arr.add(2);
    arr.add(7);
    arr.add(1);
    arr.add(8);
    arr.add(2);
    arr.add(8);
     
    Permute(arr, arr.size());
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by grand_master


Python3
# Python3 program to rearray array
# elements such that the product
# of every two consecutive
# elements is a multiple of 4
 
# Function to rearrange array
# elements such that the every
# two consecutive elements is
# a multiple of 4
def Permute(arr, n):
     
    odd = 0
    four = 0
    non_four = 0
    ODD, FOUR, NON_FOUR = [], [], []
 
    for x in arr:
 
        # If element is odd
        if (x & 1):
            odd += 1
             
            # Odd
            ODD.append(x)
             
        # If element is divisible
        # by 4
        elif (x % 4 == 0):
            four += 1
             
            # Divisible by 4
            FOUR.append(x)
 
        # If element is not
        # divisible by 4
        else:
            non_four += 1
             
            # Even but not divisble
            # by 4
            NON_FOUR.append(x)
             
    # Condition for rearrangement
    # to be possible
    if (non_four == 0 and four >= odd - 1):
        x = len(ODD)
        y = len(FOUR)
        i = 0
 
        # Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
        # consecutively
        while i < x:
            print(ODD[i], end = " ")
            if (i < y):
                print(FOUR[i], end = " ")
 
        # Print the remaining
        # FOUR[i], if any
        while (i < y):
            print(FOUR[i], end = " ")
            i += 1
        print()
 
    # Condition for rearrangement
    # to be possible
    elif (non_four > 0 and four >= odd):
        x = len(ODD)
        y = len(FOUR)
        i = 0
 
        # Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
        # consecutively
        while i < x:
            print(ODD[i], end = " ")
            if (i < y):
                print(FOUR[i], end = " ")
            i += 1
 
        # Print the remaining
        # FOUR[i], if any
        while (i < y):
            print(FOUR[i], end = " ")
            i += 1
 
        # Print the NON_FOUR[i]
        # elements at the end
        for j in NON_FOUR:
            print(j, end = " ")
    else:
 
        # No possible configuration
        print("Not Possible")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    arr = [ 2, 7, 1, 8, 2, 8 ]
    N = len(arr)
     
    Permute(arr, N)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29


C#
// C# program to rearray array
// elements such that the product
// of every two consecutive
// elements is a multiple of
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG{
     
// Function to rearrange array
// elements such that the every
// two consecutive elements is
// a multiple of 4
public static void Permute(List arr,
                           int n)
{
  int odd = 0, four = 0;
  int non_four = 0;
 
  List ODD =
            new List();
  List FOUR =
            new List(n);
  List NON_FOUR =
            new List(n);
 
  foreach(int x in arr)
  {
    // If element is odd
    if (x % 2 != 0)
    {
      odd++;
 
      // Odd
      ODD.Add(x);
    }
 
    // If element is divisible
    // by 4
    else if (x % 4 == 0)
    {
      four++;
 
      // Divisible by 4
      FOUR.Add(x);
    }
 
    // If element is not
    // divisible by 4
    else
    {
      non_four++;
 
      // Even but not divisble
      // by 4
      NON_FOUR.Add(x);
    }
  }
 
  // Condition for rearrangement
  // to be possible
  if (non_four == 0 &&
      four >= odd - 1)
  {
    int x = ODD.Count;
    int y = FOUR.Count;
    int i;
 
    // Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
    // consecutively
    for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
    {
      Console.Write(ODD[i] + " ");
 
      if (i < y)
        Console.Write(FOUR[i] + " ");
    }
 
    // Print the remaining
    // FOUR[i], if any
    while (i < y)
      Console.Write(FOUR[i] + " ");
 
    Console.WriteLine();
  }
 
  // Condition for rearrangement
  // to be possible
  else if (non_four > 0 &&
           four >= odd)
  {
    int x = ODD.Count;
    int y = FOUR.Count;
    int i;
 
    // Print ODD[i] and FOUR[i]
    // consecutively
    for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
    {
      Console.Write(ODD[i] + " ");
 
      if (i < y)
        Console.Write(FOUR[i] + " ");
    }
 
    // Print the remaining
    // FOUR[i], if any
    while (i < y)
      Console.Write(FOUR[i] + " ");
 
    // Print the NON_FOUR[i]
    // elements at the end
    for(int j = 0;
            j < (int)NON_FOUR.Count; j++)
      Console.Write(NON_FOUR[j] + " ");
 
    Console.WriteLine();
  }
  else
 
    // No possible configuration
    Console.WriteLine("Not Possible");
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
  List arr = new List();
  arr.Add(2);
  arr.Add(7);
  arr.Add(1);
  arr.Add(8);
  arr.Add(2);
  arr.Add(8);
 
  Permute(arr, arr.Count);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar


输出:

7 8 1 8 2 2





时间复杂度: O(N)
辅助空间: O(1)