如何用Python开发游戏

📌 相关文章

📜 如何用Python开发游戏

📅 最后修改于: 2020-10-29 00:51:47 🧑 作者: Mango

如何用Python开发游戏

Python是用途最广泛的语言，几乎在每个领域都有它的存在，包括Web开发，机器学习，人工智能，GUI应用程序以及游戏开发。

Python提供了一个称为pygame的内置库，用于开发游戏。一旦了解了Python编程的基本概念，便可以使用pygame库制作具有吸引人的图形，合适的动画和声音的游戏。

Pygame是用于设计视频游戏的跨平台库。它包括计算机图形和声音库，可为用户提供标准的游戏体验。

它由Pete Shinners开发，以取代PySDL。

Pygame的先决条件

要学习pygame，我们必须对Python编程语言有所了解。

安装Pygame

打开命令行终端，然后键入以下命令以安装pygame。

pip install pygame

我们也可以通过IDE安装它。有关进一步的安装指南，请访问我们完整的pygame教程(https://www.javatpoint.com/pygame)。在这里，您将找到所有重要的pygame解释。

简单的Pygame示例

以下是创建简单的pygame窗口的以下示例。

import pygame  
  
pygame.init()  
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400,500))  
done = False  
  
while not done:  
    for event in pygame.event.get():  
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:  
            done = True  
    pygame.display.flip()

输出：

所有图形都将在pygame窗口中绘制。

让我们了解以上程序的基本语法。

import pygame-它是允许我们使用pygame所有函数的模块。

pygame.init()-用于初始化pygame的所有必需模块。

pygame.display.set_mode((width，height))-用于调整窗口大小。它将返回表面对象。表面对象用于执行图形操作。

pygame.event.get()-它使事件队列为空。如果我们不调用它，窗口消息将开始堆积，并且游戏将变得对操作系统无响应。

pygame.QUIT-当我们单击窗口角落的十字按钮时，它用于关闭事件。

pygame.display.flip()-用于反映游戏的任何更新。如果进行任何更改，则需要调用display.flip()函数。

我们可以在pygame曲面上绘制任何形状，包括添加图像，吸引人的字体。 Pygame提供了许多内置功能，可将几何形状绘制到屏幕上。这些形状是开发游戏的初始阶段。

让我们了解以下在屏幕上绘制形状的示例。

范例-

import pygame  
from math import pi  
pygame.init()  
# size variable is using for set screen size  
size = [400, 300]  
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)  
pygame.display.set_caption("Example program to draw geometry")  
# done variable is using as flag   
done = False  
clock = pygame.time.Clock()  
while not done:  
    # clock.tick() limits the while loop to a max of 10 times per second.  
        clock.tick(10)  
  
    for event in pygame.event.get():  # User did something  
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:  # If user clicked on close symbol   
            done = True  # done variable that we are complete, so we exit this loop  
  
    # All drawing code occurs after the for loop and but  
    # inside the main while done==False loop.  
  
    # Clear the default screen background and set the white screen background  
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))  
  
    # Draw on the screen a green line which is 5 pixels wide.  
    pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 255, 0), [0, 0], [50, 30], 5)  
    # Draw on the screen a green line which is 5 pixels wide.  
    pygame.draw.lines(screen, (0, 0, 0), False, [[0, 80], [50, 90], [200, 80], [220, 30]], 5)  
  
    # Draw a rectangle outline  
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0), [75, 10, 50, 20], 2)  
  
    # Draw a solid rectangle  
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0), [150, 10, 50, 20])  
  
    # This draw an ellipse outline, using a rectangle as the outside boundaries  
    pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (255, 0, 0), [225, 10, 50, 20], 2)  
  
    # This draw a solid ellipse, using a rectangle as the outside boundaries  
    pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (255, 0, 0), [300, 10, 50, 20])  
  
    # Draw a triangle using the polygon function  
    pygame.draw.polygon(screen, (0, 0, 0), [[100, 100], [0, 200], [200, 200]], 5)  
  
    # This draw a circle  
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), [60, 250], 40)  
  
    # This draw an arc  
    pygame.draw.arc(screen, (0, 0, 0), [210, 75, 150, 125], 0, pi / 2, 2)  
  
    # This function must write after all the other drawing commands.  
    pygame.display.flip()  
  
# Quite the execution when clicking on close  
pygame.quit()

输出：

说明-

在上面的示例中，我们绘制了不同的形状，例如三角形，直线，矩形，椭圆形，圆形，弧形，实心圆和椭圆形。我们根据形状和适当的参数使用了pygame.draw函数。

示例-使用Pygame开发Snake游戏

程序-

# Snake Tutorial Using Pygame 

import math
import random
import pygame
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox


class cube(object):
    rows = 20
    w = 500

    def __init__(self, start, dirnx=1, dirny=0, color=(255, 0, 0)):
        self.pos = start
        self.dirnx = 1
        self.dirny = 0
        self.color = color

    def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
        self.dirnx = dirnx
        self.dirny = dirny
        self.pos = (self.pos[0] + self.dirnx, self.pos[1] + self.dirny)

    def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
        dis = self.w // self.rows
        i = self.pos[0]
        j = self.pos[1]

        pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (i * dis + 1, j * dis + 1, dis - 2, dis - 2))
        if eyes:
            centre = dis // 2
            radius = 3
            circleMiddle = (i * dis + centre - radius, j * dis + 8)
            circleMiddle2 = (i * dis + dis - radius * 2, j * dis + 8)
            pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0, 0, 0), circleMiddle, radius)
            pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0, 0, 0), circleMiddle2, radius)

# This class is defined for snake design and its movement
class snake(object):
    body = []
    turns = {}

    def __init__(self, color, pos):
        self.color = color
        self.head = cube(pos)
        self.body.append(self.head)
        self.dirnx = 0
        self.dirny = 1

    def move(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()

            keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            # It will manage the keys movement for the snake
            for key in keys:
                if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
                    self.dirnx = -1
                    self.dirny = 0
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]

                elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
                    self.dirnx = 1
                    self.dirny = 0
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]

                elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
                    self.dirnx = 0
                    self.dirny = -1
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]

                elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
                    self.dirnx = 0
                    self.dirny = 1
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
        # Snake when hit the boundary wall
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
            p = c.pos[:]
            if p in self.turns:
                turn = self.turns[p]
                c.move(turn[0], turn[1])
                if i == len(self.body) - 1:
                    self.turns.pop(p)
            else:
                if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0:
                    c.pos = (c.rows - 1, c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows - 1:
                    c.pos = (0, c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows - 1:
                    c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
                elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0:
                    c.pos = (c.pos[0], c.rows - 1)
                else:
                    c.move(c.dirnx, c.dirny)

    def reset(self, pos):
        self.head = cube(pos)
        self.body = []
        self.body.append(self.head)
        self.turns = {}
        self.dirnx = 0
        self.dirny = 1
# It will add the new cube in snake tail after every successful score
    def addCube(self):
        tail = self.body[-1]
        dx, dy = tail.dirnx, tail.dirny

        if dx == 1 and dy == 0:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0] - 1, tail.pos[1])))
        elif dx == -1 and dy == 0:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0] + 1, tail.pos[1])))
        elif dx == 0 and dy == 1:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0], tail.pos[1] - 1)))
        elif dx == 0 and dy == -1:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0], tail.pos[1] + 1)))

        self.body[-1].dirnx = dx
        self.body[-1].dirny = dy

    def draw(self, surface):
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
            if i == 0:
                c.draw(surface, True)
            else:
                c.draw(surface)


def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
    sizeBtwn = w // rows

    x = 0
    y = 0
    for l in range(rows):
        x = x + sizeBtwn
        y = y + sizeBtwn
        # draw grid line
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255, 255, 255), (x, 0), (x, w))
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255, 255, 255), (0, y), (w, y))

# This class define for draw game surface
def redrawWindow(surface):
    global rows, width, s, snack
    # This is used to grid surface
    surface.fill((0, 0, 0))
    s.draw(surface)
    snack.draw(surface)
    drawGrid(width, rows, surface)
    pygame.display.update()


def randomSnack(rows, item):
    positions = item.body

    while True:
        x = random.randrange(rows)
        y = random.randrange(rows)
        if len(list(filter(lambda z: z.pos == (x, y), positions))) > 0:
            continue
        else:
            break

    return (x, y)

# Using Tkinter function to display message
def message_box(subject, content):
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.attributes("-topmost", True)
    root.withdraw()
    messagebox.showinfo(subject, content)
    try:
        root.destroy()
    except:
        pass

# main() function
def main():
    global width, rows, s, snack
    width = 500
    rows = 20
    win = pygame.display.set_mode((width, width))
    s = snake((255, 0, 0), (10, 10))
    snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0, 255, 0))
    flag = True

    clock = pygame.time.Clock()

    while flag:
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        clock.tick(10)
        s.move()
        if s.body[0].pos == snack.pos:
            s.addCube()
            snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0, 255, 0))

        for x in range(len(s.body)):
            if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z: z.pos, s.body[x + 1:])):
                print('Score: \n', len(s.body))
                message_box('You Lost!\n', 'Play again...\n')
                s.reset((10, 10))
                break

        redrawWindow(win)

    pass


main()

输出：

如果蛇触摸自己，它将终止游戏并显示以下消息。

单击确定按钮，我们可以再次播放。我们可以在Pycharm终端中查看我们的分数(我们已经使用了Pycharm IDE；您可以使用任何Python IDE)。

复制上面的代码并将其粘贴到您的IDE中，然后玩得开心。要了解Pygame的概念，请访问我们的完整pygame教程。