先决条件 – 微控制器 (µC) 和微处理器 (µP) 之间的区别
微控制器是单个集成电路 (IC)，可与小型独立计算机相媲美，旨在管理嵌入式系统中的特定操作。微控制器包含处理单元和少量内存(ROM、RAM 等)、少量的外围设备 I/O 端口、定时器等。我们可以说它是一个小型低成本的微型计算机。 ARM 和 PIC 属于微控制器家族。 PIC 微控制器和 ARM 微控制器在不同的体系结构和不同的指令集、速度、转换、内存、功耗、总线宽度等方面彼此不同。现在让我们详细了解它们之间的区别。
1. PIC 微控制器：
PIC微控制器最初被称为外设接口控制器，现在被称为可编程智能计算机。它属于 Microchip Technology 制造的微控制器系列。它最初是由 General Instrument 的 Microelectronics 于 1993 年开发的。它可以通过编程来执行广泛的任务。 PIC 微控制器有 8 位、16 位和 32 位可供选择。它基于RISC指令集架构和哈佛内存架构。
2. ARM 微控制器：
ARM 微控制器是由 Acron 计算机组织推出的 Advanced RISC Machine，由 Apple、Nvidia、Qualcomm、Motorola、ST Microelectronics、Samsung Electronics 和 TI 等公司制造。ARM 处理器属于基于 CPU 的家族。在精简指令集计算机 (RISC) 和带有 RAM、ROM 和其他外围设备的 ARM 微处理器上，我们得到了一个 ARM 微控制器。 LPC2148 是 ARM 微控制器的一个例子。它基于 RISC 指令集架构 (ISA)。它是成本敏感和高性能设备，用于广泛的嵌入式应用，如工业仪器控制系统等。
PIC 和 ARM 的区别：
| S.No. | PIC | ARM |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | PIC micro-controller refers to Peripheral Interface Controller. | ARM micro-controller refers to Advanced RISC Machine. |
| 02. | PIC micro-controllers are available in 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit. | ARM micro-controllers are available in 32-bit mostly also available in 64-bit. |
| 03. | It supports PIC, UART, USART, CAN, LIN, Ethernet, SPI, I2S communication protocol. | It supports UART, USART, SPI, CAN, LIN, I2C, Ethernet, I2S, DSP, SAI communication protocol. |
| 04. | It has an effective instruction rate of 4 clock cycles per instruction. | It has an effective instruction rate of 1 clock cycles per instruction. |
| 05. | It uses SRAM, Flash memory. | It uses Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM memory. |
| 06. | It is based on some feature of RISC. | It is based on RISC instruction set architecture. |
| 07. | It is based on Harvard memory architecture. | It is based on modified Harvard architecture. |
| 08. | PIC micro-controller family includes PIC16, PIC17, PIC18, PIC24, PIC32. | ARM micro-controller family includes ARMv4, 5, 6, 7 and series. |
| 09. | It has a very good community support. | It has a vast community support. |
| 10. | Its manufacturer is Microchip. | Its manufacturers are Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, and TI etc. |
| 11. | Its is available with an average cost as compared to the features. | Its is available with a low cost as compared to the features. |
| 12. | Popular micro-controllers include PIC18fXX8, PIC16f88X, PIC32MXX. | Popular micro-controllers include LPC2148, ARM Cortex-M0 to ARM Cortex-M7, etc. |