人耳
已经发现声音是一种能量。振动导致它发生。纵波是声波。因为它们是弹性波,所以它们必须通过物质介质传播。它们可以穿过固体、液体和气体。在固体中,它们的速度最大,而在气体中,速度最低。
在我们的日常生活中,我们会听到各种各样的声音,包括被称为乐音的悦耳声音、噪音、响亮的声音、高音以及其他令人不悦的声音。地球上的大多数哺乳动物都有外耳。我们的听觉系统包括耳朵。耳廓是从外面可见的耳朵部分。与其他哺乳动物一样,人类也有耳朵。头骨的颞骨容纳大脑两侧的耳朵。在讨论人耳及其听觉范围之前,我们将讨论声音和声波的产生。
声音的制作
物体振动,从而产生声音。物体的快速来回运动称为振动。所有的噪音都来自振动的物体。噪音是由不规则的、混乱的振动产生的。音乐可以通过有规律的、有规律的振动来创作。所有声音都是由纯频率组合组成的。当弹拨拉长的橡皮筋时,它会振动并发出声音。
声波作为机械波
当一个振动的物体向前移动时,它会压缩并推动它前面的空气,形成一个称为压缩 (C)的高压区。 当振动的物体向后移动时,它会产生一个称为稀疏 (R) 的低压区。一种引起压缩(C)和稀疏(R)的振动项目。这些波中的粒子平行于干扰的传播路径来回移动,纵向波是这些类型波的名称。另一种波被称为横波,粒子在这些波中垂直于扰动方向的传播上下振荡。在介质中,声音以连续的压缩 (C) 和不常见的分数 (R) 的形式传播。曲线的较高部分,称为波峰,代表压缩,这是颗粒拥挤的高压和密度高的地方。稀疏是颗粒分散的低压、低密度区域,它们由曲线的波谷部分表示。
Sound Frequency
- The frequency of a sound wave is defined as the number of oscillations per unit time.
- The SI unit for it is hertz (Hz)
人耳
耳朵是人体器官,可以让我们听到环境中的声音。耳朵的主要函数是让我们保持平衡并区分不同的噪音。它有助于将压力波动转换为通过听觉神经流向大脑的电子脉冲。
人耳主要分为三个部分:
- 外耳
- 中耳
- 内耳
外耳
声波只要进入我们的耳朵就会经过外耳。耳朵将可听频率转换为电信号,然后将其传输到大脑。耳廓和耳垂是外耳的大部分,具有贝壳状结构。到达外耳(即耳廓)的按压被引导至耳道并最终到达鼓膜或耳膜。内耳和外耳由柔性膜隔开。这些压缩被耳朵内的三块骨头多次放大。
中耳
骨骼位于身体的中心,并相互连接。传递声音的三块骨头是锤子、砧和马镫。锤子固定在鼓膜的中间。锤子振动的声音传到另外两块骨头,砧和马镫。声波被这些位于中耳的骨头放大。那么,外耳有什么作用呢?它吸收声波,然后被内耳放大。
内耳
耳蜗或内耳是一种类似蜗牛的结构。因为耳蜗内部有一些液体,所以当变化的数量在中耳中传递时,耳蜗会将声音发送到大脑。听觉神经接收这些电脉冲。
人耳的函数
人耳的各种结构有助于实现各种目的。
- 耳膜受到外耳耳廓的保护,外耳将声音通过耳道传送到耳膜。
- 当鼓膜振动时,声音会传递到内耳。
- 中耳的听小骨增强声音并将振动传递到椭圆窗。分隔内耳和中耳的膜称为椭圆窗。
- 咽鼓管是连接我们的鼻子和耳朵的细管。该管有助于空气进入肺部并将粘液排放到鼻咽部。
- 耳蜗是在内耳中发现的一种结构。它充满了液体并容纳了 Corti 器官。皮质器官有纤毛,纤毛是毛发状的感觉细胞。年中的波浪会在内耳液中产生振动,从而导致纤毛振动。纤毛振动,向大脑发送神经信号。
- 内耳中的半规管彼此垂直对齐。它还含有液体,有助于移动。
人的听力范围
- 声音的可听范围定义为人类可以听到的 20 赫兹到 2000 赫兹之间的频率范围。
- 次声声被定义为频率小于 20 Hz 的声音。
- 超声波被定义为频率大于 2000 Hz 的声音。
人类听不到次声波和超声波
示例问题
问题 1. 您在人们身上见过多少种不同类型的听力损失?
回答:
There are three types of hearing loss as
- Conductive hearing loss: Sound cannot be transmitted from the outer to the inner ear with this type of hearing loss. This can be caused by an ear infection, ear trauma, or a buildup of ear wax.
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Either the cochlea or the hearing nerves are affected in this form of hearing loss. This can occur as a result of advanced age, noise exposure, or cancer therapy.
- Mixed hearing loss: The combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss causes this form of hearing loss. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including the causes of both hearing loss and hearing loss.
问题 2. 是否可以在真空室中听到手机铃声?
回答:
When a bell vibrates in air, air molecules are pushed out of the way, causing the vibrations to “decay.” If you ring a bell in a vacuum, the loss mechanism isn’t present, hence the bell will “rang” for a longer time (but nobody can hear it). This does not imply that the initial amplitude is considerably higher; it just means that it lasts longer.
问题 3. 写出人耳的函数。
回答:
The human ear’s various structures aid in various purposes.
- The eardrum is protected by the pinna of the outer ear, which transports sound to the eardrum through the auditory canal.
- When the eardrum vibrates, sound is transmitted to the inner ear.
- The middle ear’s ossicles enhance sound and transmit vibrations to the oval window. The membrane that separates the inner and middle ear is known as the oval window.
- The Eustachian tube is a thin tube that links our nose to our ear. This tube aids in the passage of air into the lungs and discharges mucus to the nasopharynx.
- The cochlea is a structure found in the inner ear. It is filled with fluid and houses the Corti organ. Cortis organ has cilia, which are hair-like sensory cells. Waves from the middle of the year generate vibrations in the inner ear fluid, which causes the cilia to vibrate. The cilia vibrates, sending nerve signals to the brain.
- The semicircular canals in the inner ear are vertically aligned with one another. It also has fluid in it, which aids in mobility.
问题 4. 人类的听力范围是多少?
回答:
The audible range of sound is defined as the range of frequencies that humans can hear between 20 Hz and 2000 Hz. Infrasonic sound is defined as sound with a frequency less than 20 Hz. Ultrasonic sound is defined as sound with a frequency greater than 2000 Hz. But humans cannot hear both infrasonic sound and ultrasonic sound
问题 5. 蝙蝠使用超声波捕捉猎物的机制是什么?
回答:
Ultrasounds are sounds with frequencies more than 20000 Hz. Ultrasound is used by bats to navigate (move) and catch prey. Bats make ultrasonic squeaks with a high frequency. These squeaks reverberate off prey and then return to the bat’s ears. This provides bats with a sense of prey location, allowing them to catch the prey.