什么是单价离子？

离子是科学研究中的一种离子。化学由原子和电子组成，这些原子和电子由于去除或添加一个或多个价电子而增加或减轻重量，从而产生正电荷或负电荷。带负电荷的离子称为阴离子，带正电荷的称为阳离子。因为它们都具有相反的特性，所以它们相互吸引，产生离子连接。

If an atom or atoms have an equal amount of electrons (negative charge) and protons (positive charge), they are generally neutral. They will, however, be charged if they are not balanced. These charged species are referred to as ions.

离子的形成

每个原子在其基态都是不带电的。它的质子数和电子数与其原子序数相同。另一方面，电子是高度不稳定的，原子会根据其电负性经常获得或失去它们。具有完整价（最外）电子壳的能量最佳条件是这种电子增益或损失的驱动因素。得到的带电原子在这种状态下具有惰性气体的电子构型。

添加一个电子会破坏质子-电子平衡，使原子带负电。另一方面，去除电子将使原子带正电。这些带电原子被称为离子。

带负电的离子称为阴离子。当获得来自其他原子的电子时会产生阴离子，给它们带来负电荷。简单地说，它表示原子包含的电子多于质子。阴离子分为四类。以下是它们的列表：

1. 一价阴离子
2. 二价阴离子
3. 三价阴离子
4. 四价阴离子

同样，阳离子是带正电的离子。当失去电子时会产生阳离子，从而产生正电荷。它表示原子的质子数比电子数多。有四种类型的阳离子。以下是它们的列表：

1. 一价阳离子
2. 二价阳离子
3. 三价阳离子
4. 四价阳离子

什么是单价阴离子？

Monovalent anions are those with a valency of one. Monovalent anions, in other words, are negative ions with a valency of -1. 

以下是一些最重要的单价阴离子或单价负离子：氢离子（H- ^） 、氟离子（F- ^） 、氯离子（ ^Cl- ）、溴离子（Br- ^）等。

什么是单价阳离子？

阳离子是带正电荷的离子。阳离子包括Na ⁺ 、Al ⁺³ 、Ce ⁺³等。当一个原子失去一个电子时，它会获得正电荷，因为它的原子核的电子比质子少。然后将带正电荷的物质称为阳离子。

Positively charged atoms, radicals, or groups of atoms with a valence of +1 travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis, known as monovalent cations. An example is Na⁺.

一些单价阳离子的列表是，

Element	Atomic Number	Symbol	Monovalent Ion
Hydrogen	1	H	H+
Lithium	3	Li	Li+
Sodium	11	Na	Na+
Potassium	19	K	K+
Copper	29	Cu	Cu+
Silver	47	Ag	Ag+
Caesium	55	Cs	Cs+
Gold	79	Au	Au+

示例问题

问题1：写一个关于离子的发现的简短笔记。

回答：

Based on a suggestion by English polymath and scientist William Whewell, English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday introduced the name ion in 1834. Michael Faraday coined this expression to describe creatures that move from one electrode to the next over an aqueous medium. The terms anion and cation were also coined by Faraday and Whewell. According to Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, when solid crystalline salts are dissolved, they dissociate into paired charged particles. For this work, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903.

问题2：什么是离子？

回答：

Electrically charged particles are known as ions. An ion is a positive electrically charged atom or molecule. An atom has no charge and is neutral in nature because the amount of electrons and protons in it is equal. The number of protons in ions is the same, but the number of electrons is not. They have a positive or negative charge as a result. Na⁺, O^-2, NH₄⁺, and other ions are examples of ions.

问题 3：什么是多原子和单原子离子？

回答：

Polyatomic ions are made up of covalently bonded elements or atoms that have either a positive or negative charge. CN^–, OH^–, NO₃^–, CO₃^-2, and other polyatomic ions are examples. 

Monoatomic ions are ions with only one element and a single charge, either positive or negative. Na⁺, O^-2, Al⁺³  and other monoatomic ions are examples.

问题4：什么是阴离子？

回答：

Anions are ions with a negative charge. When an atom gains an electron, it obtains a negative charge because its nucleus has more electrons than protons. The negatively charged species is then referred to as an anion.

问题 5：什么是单价阴离子？

回答：

Monovalent anions are those with a valency of one. Monovalent anions, in other words, are negative ions with a valency of -1.