用 VPython 制作箭头
VPython可以轻松创建可导航的 3D 显示和动画，即使对于那些编程经验有限的人来说也是如此。因为它是基于Python的，所以它也为有经验的程序员和研究人员提供了很多东西。 VPython允许用户在 3D 空间中创建球体和圆锥体等对象，并将这些对象显示在窗口中。这使得创建简单的可视化变得容易，允许程序员更多地关注他们程序的计算方面。 VPython的简单性使其成为说明简单物理的工具，尤其是在教育环境中。
安装 ：
pip install vpython箭头是三维空间中的几何对象，它是具有尖端的直线（或长方体）。我们可以使用arrow()方法在VPython中生成一个箭头。
箭（）
Syntax : arrow(parameters)
Parameters :
- pos : It is the position of the beginning of the shaft of the arrow. Assign a vector containing 3 values, example pos = vector(0, 0, 0)
- axis : It is the axis of alignment of the arrow. Assign a vector containing 3 values, example axis = vector(1, 2, 1)
- up : It is the orientation of the arrow. Assign a vector containing 3 values, example up = vector(0, 1, 0)
- color : It is the color of the arrow. Assign a vector containing 3 values, example color = vector(1, 1, 1) will give the color white
- opacity : It is the opacity of the arrow. Assign a floating value in which 1 is the most opaque and 0 the least opaque, example opacity = 0.5
- shininess : It is the shininess of the arrow. Assign a floating value in which 1 is the most shiny and 0 the least shiny, example shininess = 0.6
- emissive : It is the emissivity of the arrow. Assign a boolean value in which True is emissive and False is not emissive, example emissivity = False
- texture : It is the texture of the arrow. Assign the required texture from the textures class, example texture = textures.stucco
- length : It is the length of the arrow. Assign a floating value, the default length is 1, example length = 10
- shaftwidth : It is the width of the shaft of the arrow. Assign a floating value, the default shaft width is 0.1*(length of arrow), example shaftwidth = 10
- headwidth : It is the width of the head of the arrow. Assign a floating value, the default head width is 2*shaftwidth, example headwidth = 10
- headlength : It is the length of the head of the arrow. Assign a floating value, the default head length is 3*shaftwidth, example headlength = 10
All the parameters are optional.
示例 1：没有参数的箭头，所有参数都将具有默认值。
# import the module
from vpython import * arrow()
输出 ： 
示例 2：使用参数颜色、不透明度、光泽度和发射率的箭头。
# import the module
from vpython import * arrow(color = vector(0, 1, 0),
opacity = 0.5,
shininess = 1,
emissive = False)
输出 ： 
示例 3：显示 2 个箭头以可视化属性 pos、shaftwidth、headwidth 和 headlength。
# import the module
from vpython import *
# the first arrow
arrow(pos = vector(-3, 1, 0),
shaftwidth = 1,
headwidth = 1,
headlength = 2,
color = vector(0, 1, 0))
# the second arrow
arrow(pos = vector(0, -1, 0),
color = vector(1, 1, 0))
输出 ： 
示例 4：使用参数轴和向上的箭头。
# import the module
from vpython import * arrow(pos = vector(-2, 0, 0),
color = vector(1, 0, 1),
axis = vector(1, 2, 2),
up = vector(-1, 5, 2))
输出 ： 
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