用Java构建一个计算表达式游戏

Java是一种基于类、面向对象的编程语言，旨在尽可能减少实现依赖项。为开发人员编写的一种通用编程语言，只要编写一次就可以在任何地方运行，编译后的Java代码可以在所有支持Java的平台上运行。 Java应用程序被编译成可以在任何Java虚拟机上运行的字节码。 Java的语法类似于 c/c++。

我们将在本文中构建什么？

什么是 2+3 ？是的，5是正确的！ 5*8呢？ 40，对！！计算它需要时间吗？让我们看看你和你的朋友在短短 60 秒内能做多少这样简单的问题。该游戏将让我们找出我们将能够在短短 60 秒内正确完成多少问题！为此，我们将使用Java swing 组件在Java中创建一个简单且基于时间的交互式“计算表达式游戏” 。下面给出了一个示例视频，以了解我们将在本文中做什么。

所以学习成果将是：

1. 为我们的游戏创建交互式 GUI
2. 两个JFrame的整合
3. 工作定时器的创建
4. 开发样式来管理组件

该项目将包含 3 个Java类：

1. 主要的。Java
2. 家。Java
3. 玩。Java

我们将设计两个页面或我们所说的 JFrame。第一个 JFrame 将提供从游戏中播放或退出的选项。如果用户选择玩，第 2 个 JFrame 将包含玩家必须在 60 秒内回答最多基于数学表达式的问题的游戏。

分步实施

第 1 步。我们将首先导入此游戏所需的所有类。随着我们在这个项目中的进一步推进，我们将了解它们将如何发挥作用。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;

第 2 步。我们将定义一个 Main 类，该类将调用 Home Constructor 类。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
  
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
        // application exits on close window
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

第 3 步。我们现在将定义我们的类 Home 并为其准备一个样式，以便跟踪组件不会让我们的头脑变得混乱。另外，是时候弄清楚一些概念了！我们将继承 JFrame 类，它是一个 swing 组件（javax.swing 包的一部分）。为了定义用户执行某些操作时应该做什么，我们将实现 ActionListener 接口。 ActionListener（在Java.awt.event 包中找到）只有一个方法 actionPerformed(ActionEvent)，当用户执行某些操作时会调用该方法。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
  
class Home extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    Home()
    {
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager() {}
    public void setLocationAndSize() {}
    public void addComponentsToContainer() {}
    public void addActionEvent() {}
    @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {}
}
  
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
        // application exits on close window
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

第 4 步。我们将定义组件并将它们添加到 Home 框架。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
  
class Home extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  
    Container container = getContentPane();
    JLabel home = new JLabel("HOME", JLabel.CENTER);
    JButton playbutton = new JButton("PLAY");
    JButton exitbutton = new JButton("EXIT");
  
    Home()
    {
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager()
    {
        // Content panes use
        // BorderLayout by default
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize()
    {
        // position and size of the components
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        home.setBounds(125, 20, 125, 30);
        // to display content or BackGround
        // behind a given component
        home.setOpaque(true);
        home.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        home.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        playbutton.setBounds(75, 200, 225, 30);
        exitbutton.setBounds(75, 250, 225, 30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer()
    {
        container.add(home);
        container.add(playbutton);
        container.add(exitbutton);
    }
    public void addActionEvent()
    {
        // listen for changes on the object
        playbutton.addActionListener(this);
        exitbutton.addActionListener(this);
    }
    @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {}
}
  
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
        // application exits on close window
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

第 5 步。是时候为按钮添加功能了。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
  
class Home extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  
    Container container = getContentPane();
    JLabel home = new JLabel("HOME", JLabel.CENTER);
    JButton playbutton = new JButton("PLAY");
    JButton exitbutton = new JButton("EXIT");
  
    Home()
    {
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager()
    {
        // Content panes use BorderLayout by default
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize()
    {
        // position and size of the components
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        home.setBounds(125, 20, 125, 30);
        // to display content or BackGround
        // behind a given component
        home.setOpaque(true);
        home.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        home.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        playbutton.setBounds(75, 200, 225, 30);
        exitbutton.setBounds(75, 250, 225, 30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer()
    {
        container.add(home);
        container.add(playbutton);
        container.add(exitbutton);
    }
    public void addActionEvent()
    {
        // listen for changes on the object
        playbutton.addActionListener(this);
        exitbutton.addActionListener(this);
    }
    @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
    {
        if (e.getSource() == playbutton) {
            // dispose() method clear
            // resources at each frame
            dispose();
            // to call the constructor of class Play
            Play frame = new Play();
            // Sets the title for this frame "PLAY"
            frame.setTitle("PLAY");
            // Component will be displayed on the screen
            frame.setVisible(true);
            // position and size of the frame using
            // setBounds(x,y,width,height)
            frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
            // application exits on close window
            // event from the operating system
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            // user cannot re-size the frame
            frame.setResizable(false);
        }
        if (e.getSource() == exitbutton) {
            // asks for confirmation from the user to exit
            // or not
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
                this, "Do You Really Want To Quit",
                "Thank you", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION,
                JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            if (option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
                dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}
  
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
        // application exits on close window
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(
            JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

第 6 步。让我们看看将用于我们的项目的两个实用程序函数。计算函数以生成数学表达式。在这里，我们使用给定范围内的导入类 import Java.util.Random 生成两个随机数。

Java

int Calculate(){
        int num1 = new Random().nextInt(11); // 0 to 10
        int num2 = new Random().nextInt(11) + 1; // 1 to 11
  
        String operator = "+-/*%";
        int random_operator = new Random().nextInt(5);
  
        questiontext.setText("(" + num1 + ") " + operator.charAt(random_operator) + " (" + num2 + ")");
  
        return switch (operator.charAt(random_operator)) {
            case ('+') -> num1 + num2;
            case ('-') -> num1 - num2;
            case ('*') -> num1 * num2;
            case ('/') -> num1 / num2;
            case ('%') -> num1 % num2;
            default -> 0;
        };
    }

得分函数显示球员的更新得分。

Java

void Score(){
   score += 1;
   presentscoretext.setText(" " +score + " ");
}

第 7 步。现在我们将定义 Play 类的骨架。

在这里，我们使用 WindowActionListener 请求将 JFrame 对象的焦点放在文本字段上。此外，我们正在创建一个 60 秒的 TIMER，以便在 60 秒的延迟后不会接受任何输入，这也将确保不超过 60 个输入（以防用户多次按下相同的输入） .在实践中，计时器在等待用户输入的 1000 毫秒延迟后运行，这就是为什么我们将 ActionEvent 包围在 try-catch 块中，以防用户在该特定秒内没有提供输入。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.*;
  
class Game extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  
    Container container = getContentPane();
  
    JLabel questionlabel = new JLabel("QUESTION : ");
    JTextField questiontext = new JTextField();
    JLabel answerlabel = new JLabel("ANSWER : ");
    JTextField answertext = new JTextField();
    JLabel presentscorelabel
        = new JLabel("PRESENT SCORE : ");
    JTextField presentscoretext = new JTextField();
  
    int result = 0;
    int score = -1;
    Timer gametimer;
    // GAME TIMER in seconds
    int start = 60;
  
    Game()
    {
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
        result = Calculate();
        Score();
        setTimer();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager()
    {
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize()
    {
        questionlabel.setBounds(100, 100, 150, 30);
        questiontext.setBounds(100, 140, 150, 30);
        answerlabel.setBounds(100, 200, 150, 30);
        answertext.setBounds(100, 240, 150, 30);
        presentscorelabel.setBounds(100, 290, 150, 30);
        presentscoretext.setBounds(100, 330, 150, 30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer()
    {
        container.add(questionlabel);
        container.add(questiontext);
        container.add(answerlabel);
        container.add(answertext);
        container.add(presentscorelabel);
        container.add(presentscoretext);
    }
    public void addActionEvent()
    {
        questiontext.setEditable(false);
        presentscoretext.setEditable(false);
        answertext.addActionListener(this);
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent evt)
            {
                super.windowOpened(evt);
                answertext.requestFocus();
            }
        });
    }
    public void setTimer()
    {
        gametimer = new Timer(1000, this);
        gametimer.start();
    }
    @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e1) {}
}
  
class Home extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  
    Container container = getContentPane();
    JLabel home = new JLabel("HOME", JLabel.CENTER);
    JButton playbutton = new JButton("PLAY");
    JButton exitbutton = new JButton("EXIT");
  
    Home()
    {
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager()
    {
        // Content panes use
        // BorderLayout by default
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize()
    {
        // position and size of the components
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        home.setBounds(125, 20, 125, 30);
        // to display content or BackGround
        // behind a given component
        home.setOpaque(true);
        home.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        home.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        playbutton.setBounds(75, 200, 225, 30);
        exitbutton.setBounds(75, 250, 225, 30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer()
    {
        container.add(home);
        container.add(playbutton);
        container.add(exitbutton);
    }
    public void addActionEvent()
    {
        // listen for changes on the object
        playbutton.addActionListener(this);
        exitbutton.addActionListener(this);
    }
    @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
    {
        if (e.getSource() == playbutton) {
            // dispose() method clear resources at each
            // frame
            dispose();
            // to call the constructor of class Play
            Game frame = new Game();
            // Sets the title for this frame "PLAY"
            frame.setTitle("PLAY");
            // Component will be displayed on the screen
            frame.setVisible(true);
            // position and size of the frame
            // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
            frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
            // application exits on close window
            // event from the operating system
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            // user cannot re-size the frame
            frame.setResizable(false);
        }
        if (e.getSource() == exitbutton) {
            // asks for confirmation from the user to exit
            // or not
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
                this, "Do You Really Want To Quit",
                "Thank you", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION,
                JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            if (option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
                dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}
  
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 370, 600);
        // application exits on close window
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

第 8 步。我们现在处于最后一个阶段，我们将实用程序添加到源代码中，并添加两条消息，以便用户能够在 60 秒后查看分数，并要求用户再次播放。下面是这个游戏的工作源代码。

Java

// File name is Main.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.Random;
  
class Game extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
    
    Container container = getContentPane();
  
    JLabel questionlabel = new JLabel("QUESTION : ");
    JTextField questiontext = new JTextField();
    JLabel answerlabel = new JLabel("ANSWER : ");
    JTextField answertext = new JTextField();
    JLabel presentscorelabel = new JLabel("PRESENT SCORE : ");
    JTextField presentscoretext = new JTextField();
  
    int result = 0;
    int score = -1;
    Timer gametimer;
    // GAME TIMER in seconds
    int start = 60; 
  
    Game(){
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
        result = Calculate();
        Score();
        setTimer();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager() {
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize() {
        questionlabel.setBounds(100, 100, 150, 30);
        questiontext.setBounds(100, 140, 150, 30);
        answerlabel.setBounds(100, 200, 150, 30);
        answertext.setBounds(100, 240, 150, 30);
        presentscorelabel.setBounds(100, 290, 150, 30);
        presentscoretext.setBounds(100, 330, 150, 30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer() {
        container.add(questionlabel);
        container.add(questiontext);
        container.add(answerlabel);
        container.add( answertext);
        container.add(presentscorelabel);
        container.add( presentscoretext);
    }
    public void addActionEvent() {
        questiontext.setEditable(false);
        presentscoretext.setEditable(false);
        answertext.addActionListener(this);
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent evt) {
                super.windowOpened(evt);
                answertext.requestFocus();
            }
        });
    }
    public void setTimer(){
        gametimer = new Timer(1000,this);
        gametimer.start();
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e1) {
        start -= 1;
        if(start >= 0){
            try{
                String s = e1.getActionCommand();
                if(result == Integer.parseInt(s)){
                    Score();
                }
                result = Calculate();
                answertext.setText(null);
            }
            catch(Exception e3){
  
            }
        }else{
            gametimer.stop();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"TIME IS UP. YOUR SCORE IS : " + score ,"SCORE",JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this,"DO YOU  WANT TO PLAY AGAIN ?","PLAY AGAIN SCORE : " + score,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION,JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION){
                dispose();
                Game frame = new Game();
                frame.setTitle("PLAY");
                frame.setVisible(true);
                frame.setBounds(10,10,370,600);
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setResizable(false);
            }
            else{
                dispose();
                Home frame = new Home();
                frame.setTitle("HOME");
                frame.setVisible(true);
                frame.setBounds(10,10,370,600);
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setResizable(false);
            }
        }
    }
  
    int Calculate(){
        int num1 = new Random().nextInt(11); // 1 to 10
        int num2 = new Random().nextInt(11) + 1; // 0 to 10
  
        String operator = "+-/*%";
        int random_operator = new Random().nextInt(5);
  
        questiontext.setText("(" + num1 + ") " + operator.charAt(random_operator) + " (" + num2 + ")");
  
        return switch (operator.charAt(random_operator)) {
            case ('+') -> num1 + num2;
            case ('-') -> num1 - num2;
            case ('*') -> num1 * num2;
            case ('/') -> num1 / num2;
            case ('%') -> num1 % num2;
            default -> 0;
        };
    }
  
    void Score(){
        score += 1;
        presentscoretext.setText(" " +score + " ");
    }
}
  
class Home extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
  
    Container container = getContentPane();
    JLabel home = new JLabel("HOME",JLabel.CENTER);
    JButton playbutton = new JButton("PLAY");
    JButton exitbutton = new JButton("EXIT");
  
    Home(){
        setLayoutManager();
        setLocationAndSize();
        addComponentsToContainer();
        addActionEvent();
    }
    public void setLayoutManager(){
        // Content panes use 
        // BorderLayout by default
        container.setLayout(null);
    }
    public void setLocationAndSize(){
        // position and size of the components
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        home.setBounds(125,20,125,30);
        // to display content or BackGround 
        // behind a given component
        home.setOpaque(true);
        home.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        home.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        playbutton.setBounds(75,200,225,30);
        exitbutton.setBounds(75,250,225,30);
    }
    public void addComponentsToContainer(){
        container.add(home);
        container.add(playbutton);
        container.add(exitbutton);
    }
    public void addActionEvent(){
        // listen for changes on the object
        playbutton.addActionListener(this);
        exitbutton.addActionListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        if(e.getSource() == playbutton){
            // dispose() method clear
              // resources at each frame
            dispose();
            // to call the constructor of class Play
            Game frame = new Game();
            // Sets the title for this frame "PLAY"
            frame.setTitle("PLAY");
            // Component will be displayed on the screen
            frame.setVisible(true);
            // position and size of the frame 
            // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
            frame.setBounds(10,10,370,600);
            // application exits on close window 
            // event from the operating system
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            // user cannot re-size the frame
            frame.setResizable(false);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == exitbutton){
            // asks for confirmation from the user to exit or not
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this,"Do You Really Want To Quit","Thank you", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION,JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION){
                dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}
  
public class MAN {
    public static void main(String[] arg){
        // to call the constructor of class Home
        Home frame = new Home();
        // Sets the title for this frame "HOME"
        frame.setTitle("HOME");
        // Component will be displayed on the screen
        frame.setVisible(true);
        // position and size of the frame 
        // using setBounds(x,y,width,height)
        frame.setBounds(10,10,370,600);
        // application exits on close window 
        // event from the operating system
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        // user cannot re-size the frame
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

输出：