Pygame - 处理文本

在本文中，我们将看到如何使用 Pygame 模块来处理文本。我们将在这里处理初始化字体、渲染文本、使用键盘编辑文本以及添加闪烁的光标注释。

安装

要安装此模块，请在终端中键入以下命令。

pip install pygame

字体初始化

现在我们可以进一步进行字体初始化部分。 pygame.font.init()方法用于初始化字体， pygame.font.get_init()方法用于检查字体是否已经初始化。这两种方法都不需要任何参数。如果字体已成功初始化，则pygame.font.get_init()方法返回 true。

在窗口上打印文本

在这里，我们将看到如何在屏幕上获取自定义字体和文本。我们将使用 x 和 y 坐标设置要在屏幕上显示的文本的位置。首先，我们将创建字体文件，然后渲染文本。屏幕。 blit()函数用于将文本面对象复制到中心坐标处的显示面对象。

Python3

# import pygame
import pygame
 
# initializing pygame
pygame.font.init()
 
# check whether font is initialized
# or not
pygame.font.get_init()
 
# create the display surface
display_surface = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
 
# change the window screen title
pygame.display.set_caption('Our Text')
 
# Create a font file by passing font file
# and size of the font
font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('freesanbold.ttf', 50)
font2 = pygame.font.SysFont('chalkduster.ttf', 40)
 
# Render the texts that you want to display
text1 = font1.render('GeeksForGeeks', True, (0, 255, 0))
text2 = font2.render('GeeksForGeeks', True, (0, 255, 0))
 
# create a rectangular object for the
# text surface object
textRect1 = text1.get_rect()
textRect2 = text2.get_rect()
 
# setting center for the first text
textRect1.center = (250, 250)
 
# setting center for the second text
textRect2.center = (250, 300)
 
while True:
 
    # add background color using RGB values
    display_surface.fill((255, 0, 0))
 
    # copying the text surface objects
    # to the display surface objects
    # at the center coordinate.
    display_surface.blit(text1, textRect1)
    display_surface.blit(text2, textRect2)
 
    # iterate over the list of Event objects
    # that was returned by pygame.event.get()
    # method.
    for event in pygame.event.get():
 
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
           
            # deactivating the pygame library
            pygame.quit()
 
            # quitting the program.
            quit()
 
        # update the display
        pygame.display.update()

输出：

窗口上的光标输入

我们将在这里添加闪烁光标注释。我们的光标将在每 0.5 秒后继续闪烁。我们还可以编辑我们的文本。

蟒蛇3

# import pygame module
import pygame
 
# import time module
import time
 
# initialize the pygame module
pygame.init()
 
# set the window screen size
display_screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
 
# add some text
text = 'Hello Guys!!'
 
# add default font style with font
# size
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40)
 
# render the text
img = font.render(text, True, (255, 0, 0))
 
rect = img.get_rect()
rect.topleft = (20, 20)
cursor = pygame.Rect(rect.topright, (3, rect.height))
 
running = True
 
while running:
     
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
 
        # detect if key is physically
        # presssed down
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_BACKSPACE:
                if len(text) > 0:
                     
                    # stores the text except last
                    # character
                    text = text[:-1]
 
            else:
                text += event.unicode
                 
            img = font.render(text, True, (255, 0, 0))
            rect.size = img.get_size()
            cursor.topleft = rect.topright
 
    # Add background color to the window screen
    display_screen.fill((200, 255, 200))
    display_screen.blit(img, rect)
     
    # cursor is made to blink after every 0.5 sec
    if time.time() % 1 > 0.5:
        pygame.draw.rect(display_screen, (255, 0, 0), cursor)
         
    # update display
    pygame.display.update()
 
pygame.quit()

输出：

窗口上的输入框

在这里我们将看到如何在 pygame 中使用键盘阅读文本。我们将在矩形内显示我们的文本。当鼠标移到矩形上时，矩形的颜色会改变。代码中添加了注释以便于清晰理解。

蟒蛇3

# import pygame module
import pygame
 
# import sys library
import sys
 
# initializing pygame
pygame.init()
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
 
# Set the window screen size
display_screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
 
# add font style and size
base_font = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)
 
 
# stores text taken by keyboard
user_text = ''
 
# set left, top, width, height in
# Pygame.Rect()
input_rect = pygame.Rect(200, 200, 140, 32)
color_active = pygame.Color("lightskyblue")
color_passive = pygame.Color("gray15")
color = color_passive
 
active = False
 
while True:
     
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
 
        # when mouse collides with the rectangle
        # make active as true
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if input_rect.collidepoint(event.pos):
                active = True
 
        # if the key is physically pressed down
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_BACKSPACE:
                 
                # stores text except last letter
                user_text = user_text[0:-1]
            else:
                user_text += event.unicode
 
    display_screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
 
    if active:
        color = color_active
    else:
        color = color_passive
 
    pygame.draw.rect(display_screen, color, input_rect)
     
    # render the text
    text_surface = base_font.render(user_text, True, (255, 255, 255))
    display_screen.blit(text_surface, (input_rect.x + 5, input_rect.y + 5))
    input_rect.w = max(100, text_surface.get_width() + 10)
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

输出：