📜  Objective-C多态

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-03 16:00:56             🧑  作者: Mango


多态性一词意味着具有多种形式。通常,当存在类的层次结构并且它们通过继承关联时,就会发生多态。

Objective-C多态性意味着对成员函数的调用将导致执行不同的函数,具体取决于调用该函数的对象的类型。

考虑这个例子,我们有一个Shape类,它为所有形状提供了基本的接口。 Square和Rectangle从基类Shape派生。

我们有一种方法printArea,它将展示有关OOP特征多态性的信息

#import 

@interface Shape : NSObject {
   CGFloat area;
}

- (void)printArea;
- (void)calculateArea;
@end

@implementation Shape
- (void)printArea {
   NSLog(@"The area is %f", area);
}

- (void)calculateArea {

}

@end

@interface Square : Shape {
   CGFloat length;
}

- (id)initWithSide:(CGFloat)side;
- (void)calculateArea;

@end

@implementation Square
- (id)initWithSide:(CGFloat)side {
   length = side;
   return self;
}

- (void)calculateArea {
   area = length * length;
}

- (void)printArea {
   NSLog(@"The area of square is %f", area);
}

@end

@interface Rectangle : Shape {
   CGFloat length;
   CGFloat breadth;
}

- (id)initWithLength:(CGFloat)rLength andBreadth:(CGFloat)rBreadth;
@end

@implementation Rectangle
- (id)initWithLength:(CGFloat)rLength andBreadth:(CGFloat)rBreadth {
   length = rLength;
   breadth = rBreadth;
   return self;
}

- (void)calculateArea {
   area = length * breadth;
}

@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
   NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
   Shape *square = [[Square alloc]initWithSide:10.0];
   [square calculateArea];
   [square printArea];
   Shape *rect = [[Rectangle alloc]
   initWithLength:10.0 andBreadth:5.0];
   [rect calculateArea];
   [rect printArea];        
   [pool drain];
   return 0;
}

编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-

2013-09-22 21:21:50.785 Polymorphism[358:303] The area of square is 100.000000
2013-09-22 21:21:50.786 Polymorphism[358:303] The area is 50.000000

在上面的示例中,基于calculateArea和printArea方法的可用性,将执行基类中的方法或派生类中的方法。

多态基于两个类的方法实现来处理方法在基类和派生类之间的切换。