如何在 Golang 中解析 JSON？

Golang 提供了多个 API 来处理 JSON，包括使用encoding/json包的内置和自定义数据类型。为了解析 JSON，我们使用包 encoding/json 中的Unmarshal()函数将数据从 JSON 解包或解码为结构。

Syntax: func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error

Unmarshal 解析 JSON 编码的数据并将结果存储在 v 指向的值中。

注意：如果 v 为 nil 或不是指针，则 Unmarshal 返回InvalidUnmarshalError。

示例 1：

// Golang program to illustrate the
// concept of parsing json to struct
package main
  
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
  
// declaring a struct
type Country struct {
  
    // defining struct variables
    Name      string
    Capital   string
    Continent string
}
  
// main function
func main() {
  
    // defining a struct instance
    var country1 Country
  
    // data in JSON format which
    // is to be decoded
    Data := []byte(`{
        "Name": "India",  
        "Capital": "New Delhi",
        "Continent": "Asia"
    }`)
  
    // decoding country1 struct
    // from json format
    err := json.Unmarshal(Data, &country1)
  
    if err != nil {
  
        // if error is not nil
        // print error
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
  
    // printing details of
    // decoded data
    fmt.Println("Struct is:", country1)
    fmt.Printf("%s's capital is %s and it is in %s.\n", country1.Name, 
                                 country1.Capital, country1.Continent)
}

输出：

Struct is: {India New Delhi Asia}
India's capital is New Delhi and it is in Asia.

示例 2：

// Golang program to illustrate the
// concept of parsing JSON to an array
package main
  
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
  
// declaring a struct
type Country struct {
  
    // defining struct variables
    Name      string
    Capital   string
    Continent string
}
  
// main function
func main() {
  
    // defining a struct instance
    var country []Country
  
    // JSON array to be decoded
    // to an array in golang
    Data := []byte(`
    [
        {"Name": "Japan", "Capital": "Tokyo", "Continent": "Asia"},
        {"Name": "Germany", "Capital": "Berlin", "Continent": "Europe"},
        {"Name": "Greece", "Capital": "Athens", "Continent": "Europe"},
        {"Name": "Israel", "Capital": "Jerusalem", "Continent": "Asia"}
    ]`)
  
    // decoding JSON array to
    // the country array
    err := json.Unmarshal(Data, &country)
  
    if err != nil {
  
        // if error is not nil
        // print error
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
  
    // printing decoded array
    // values one by one
    for i := range country {
        fmt.Println(country[i].Name + " - " + country[i].Capital + 
                                     " - " + country[i].Continent)
    }
}

输出：

Japan - Tokyo - Asia
Germany - Berlin - Europe
Greece - Athens - Europe
Israel - Jerusalem - Asia