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📜  在X轴上选择K个相交线段的方式数目

📅  最后修改于: 2021-06-27 01:59:22             🧑  作者: Mango

给定x轴上的线段的数组arr []整数K ,任务是计算选择K个线段以使其在任何点相交的方式的数量。由于答案可能很大,因此将其打印为模数10 ^ 9 + 7。

例子:

方法:
为了解决上述问题,我们将尝试找出奇数个案例的数量,即那些交集为非空的案例。因此,很明显,我们的答案将是总案–奇案。
要计算案件总数,请采用以下方法:

  • 可能的总情况为“ n选择k”或n C k
  • 我们预先计算所需数字的逆和阶乘以计算n C k
  • 在O(1)时间
  • 在考虑线段[Li,Ri]的情况下,K个线段相交,好像min(R1,R2,..,R {k-1})> = Li。保持多集,保持秩序。首先,按Li的升序对段进行排序。如果Li相同,则Ri较小的段首先出现。

对于每个行段[Li,Ri],遵循以下方法查找奇数个案例。

  • 当多重集不为空且线不相交时,请从多重集中删除具有最小Ri的线,然后再次检查。
  • 使用该线段[Li,Ri]的违规方式的数量为p C k-1
  • 其中p = size_of_multiset。
  • 将此线段的端点插入多组中。

下面是上述方法的实现:

C++
// C++ program to find Number of ways
// to choose K intersecting
// line segments on X-axis
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
const long long mod = 1000000007;
const int MAXN = 1001;
long long factorial[MAXN], inverse[MAXN];
 
// Function to find (a^b)%mod in log b
long long power(long long a, long long b)
{
    long long res = 1;
 
    // Till power becomes 0
    while (b > 0) {
 
        // If power is odd
        if (b % 2 == 1) {
            res = (res * a) % mod;
        }
        // Multiply base
        a = (a * a) % mod;
 
        // Divide power by 1
        b >>= 1;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
// Function to find nCk
long long nCk(int n, int k)
{
    // Base case
    if (k < 0 || k > n) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    // Apply formula to find nCk
    long long ans = factorial[n];
    ans = (ans * inverse[n - k]) % mod;
    ans = (ans * inverse[k]) % mod;
 
    return ans;
}
 
// Function to find the number of ways
void numberOfWays(vector > lines, int K,
                  int N)
{
 
    // sort the given lines
    sort(lines.begin(), lines.end());
 
    // Find the number of total case
    long long total_case = nCk(N, K);
 
    // Declare a multiset
    multiset m;
 
    // loop till N
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
 
        // Check if smallest element is
        // smaller than lines[i]
        while (!m.empty()
               && (*m.begin() < lines[i].first)) {
 
            // Erase first element
            m.erase(m.begin());
        }
        // Exclude the odd cases
        total_case -= nCk(m.size(), K - 1);
 
        // Modulus operation
        total_case += mod;
        total_case %= mod;
 
        // Insert into multiset
        m.insert(lines[i].second);
    }
 
    cout << total_case << endl;
}
 
// Function to precompute
// factorial and inverse
void preCompute()
{
    long long fact = 1;
 
    factorial[0] = 1;
    inverse[0] = 1;
 
    // Pre-compute factorial and inverse
    for (int i = 1; i < MAXN; i++) {
 
        fact = (fact * i) % mod;
        factorial[i] = fact;
        inverse[i] = power(factorial[i], mod - 2);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
 
    int N = 3, K = 2;
    vector > lines;
 
    // Function to pre-compute
    // factorial and inverse
    preCompute();
 
    lines.push_back({ 1, 3 });
    lines.push_back({ 4, 5 });
    lines.push_back({ 5, 7 });
 
    numberOfWays(lines, K, N);
 
    return 0;
}


Java
// Java program to find Number of ways
// to choose K intersecting line
// segments on X-axis
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
 
class GFG {
 
    static long mod = 1000000007;
    static int MAXN = 1001;
    static long factorial[] = new long[MAXN],
                inverse[] = new long[MAXN];
 
    // Function to find (a^b)%mod in log b
    static long power(long a, long b)
    {
        long res = 1;
 
        // Till power becomes 0
        while (b > 0) {
 
            // If power is odd
            if (b % 2 == 1) {
                res = (res * a) % mod;
            }
 
            // Multiply base
            a = (a * a) % mod;
 
            // Divide power by 1
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
 
    // Function to find nCk
    static long nCk(int n, int k)
    {
 
        // Base case
        if (k < 0 || k > n) {
            return 0;
        }
 
        // Apply formula to find nCk
        long ans = factorial[n];
        ans = (ans * inverse[n - k]) % mod;
        ans = (ans * inverse[k]) % mod;
 
        return ans;
    }
 
    // Function to find the number of ways
    static void numberOfWays(ArrayList lines, int K,
                             int N)
    {
 
        // sort the given lines
        Collections.sort(lines, (a, b) -> a[0] - b[0]);
 
        // Find the number of total case
        long total_case = nCk(N, K);
 
        // Declare a multiset
        PriorityQueue m = new PriorityQueue<>();
 
        // Loop till N
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
            // Check if smallest element is
            // smaller than lines[i]
            while (!m.isEmpty()
                   && (m.peek() < lines.get(i)[0])) {
 
                // Erase first element
                m.poll();
            }
 
            // Exclude the odd cases
            total_case -= nCk(m.size(), K - 1);
 
            // Modulus operation
            total_case += mod;
            total_case %= mod;
 
            // Insert into multiset
            m.add(lines.get(i)[1]);
        }
        System.out.println(total_case);
    }
 
    // Function to precompute
    // factorial and inverse
    static void preCompute()
    {
        long fact = 1;
 
        factorial[0] = 1;
        inverse[0] = 1;
 
        // Pre-compute factorial and inverse
        for (int i = 1; i < MAXN; i++) {
            fact = (fact * i) % mod;
            factorial[i] = fact;
 
            inverse[i] = power(factorial[i], mod - 2);
        }
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int N = 3, K = 2;
        ArrayList lines = new ArrayList<>();
 
        // Function to pre-compute
        // factorial and inverse
        preCompute();
 
        lines.add(new int[] { 1, 3 });
        lines.add(new int[] { 4, 5 });
        lines.add(new int[] { 5, 7 });
 
        numberOfWays(lines, K, N);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by offbeat


输出
2

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