如何在Android Studio中创建联系人应用程序？

android设备中的通讯录应用程序是已安装在android设备上的系统应用程序。不同的设备针对联系人应用程序具有不同的UI。在本文中，我们将介绍如何在Android Studio中构建自己的联系人应用程序。

我们将在本文中构建什么?

我们将构建一个简单的应用程序，其中将显示存储在用户设备中的联系人列表。除此之外，我们还将添加一项功能来保存新联系人，使用搜索栏从列表中过滤联系人，等等。下面是视频，我们将在其中观看我们将要构建的内容。

分步实施

步骤1：创建一个新项目

要在Android Studio中创建新项目，请参阅如何在Android Studio中创建/启动新项目。请注意，选择Java作为编程语言。

步骤2：添加依赖项和JitPack存储库

由于我们必须请求用户的权限才能从应用程序中的设备显示联系人，因此我们必须请求用户的权限。因此，为了获取用户的权限，我们将使用Dexter在运行时获取用户的权限。为了使用Dexter，我们还将使用text drawable依赖项在drawable中显示文本，现在我们在build.gradle文件中添加了以下依赖项。导航到Gradle脚本> build.gradle(Module：app)并将以下依赖项添加到“依赖项”部分。

implementation ‘com.github.mukeshsolanki:photofilter:1.0.2’

implementation ‘com.karumi:dexter:6.2.2’

将JitPack存储库添加到您的构建文件中。将其添加到allprojects {}部分中存储库末尾的根build.gradle中。

allprojects {

 repositories {

   …

   maven { url “https://jitpack.io” }

     }

}

现在同步您的项目，我们将进一步处理AndroidManifest.xml文件。

步骤3：在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限

导航至应用程序> AndroidManifest.xml文件，然后向其添加以下权限。在代码中添加了注释，以便更详细地了解。

添加权限后，我们将朝着在应用程序中为不同屏幕创建新活动的方向发展。

步骤4：建立新的空白活动

创建用于保存新联系人的新活动：

请参阅如何在Android Studio中创建新活动并将您的活动命名为CreateNewContactActivity。此活动将用于为我们的应用创建新联系人。

创建一个新活动以显示联系人详细信息：

同样，创建另一个空活动，并将您的活动命名为ContactDetailActivity 。此活动将用于呼叫该联系人或发送SMS。

步骤5：使用activity_main.xml文件

导航到应用程序> res>布局> activity_main.xml，然后将以下代码添加到该文件中。以下是activity_main.xml文件的代码。

步骤6：创建用于存储联系人的模式类

导航到应用程序> Java >应用程序的程序包名称>右键单击它>新建> Java类，并将其命名为ContactsModal ，并向其添加以下代码。在代码中添加了注释，以便更详细地了解。

Java

public class ContactsModal {
      
    // variables for our user name
    // and contact number.
    private String userName;
    private String contactNumber;
  
    // constructor
    public ContactsModal(String userName, String contactNumber) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
    }
  
    // on below line we have 
    // created getter and setter
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
  
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
  
    public String getContactNumber() {
        return contactNumber;
    }
  
    public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
        this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
    }
  
}

步骤7：为要在RecyclerView中显示的项目创建一个布局文件

导航到应用程序> res>布局>右键单击它>新建>布局资源文件，并将其命名为contacts_rv_item，然后将以下代码添加到其中。在代码中添加了注释，以便更详细地了解。

步骤8：创建用于将数据设置为每个项目的适配器类

导航到应用程序> Java >应用程序的程序包名称>右键单击它>新建> Java类，并将其命名为ContactsRVAdapter，然后将以下代码添加到其中。在代码中添加了注释，以便更详细地了解。

Java

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
  
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
  
import com.amulyakhare.textdrawable.TextDrawable;
import com.amulyakhare.textdrawable.util.ColorGenerator;
  
import java.util.ArrayList;
  
class ContactRVAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
      
    // creating variables for context and array list.
    private Context context;
    private ArrayList contactsModalArrayList;
  
    // creating a constructor
    public ContactRVAdapter(Context context, ArrayList contactsModalArrayList) {
        this.context = context;
        this.contactsModalArrayList = contactsModalArrayList;
    }
  
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ContactRVAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        // passing our layout file for displaying our card item
        return new ContactRVAdapter.ViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.contacts_rv_item, parent, false));
  
    }
  
    // below method is use for filtering data in our array list
    public void filterList(ArrayList filterllist) {
        // on below line we are passing filtered
        // array list in our original array list
        contactsModalArrayList = filterllist;
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }
  
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ContactRVAdapter.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        // getting data from array list in our modal.
        ContactsModal modal = contactsModalArrayList.get(position);
        // on below line we are setting data to our text view.
        holder.contactTV.setText(modal.getUserName());
        ColorGenerator generator = ColorGenerator.MATERIAL; // or use DEFAULT
        // generate random color
        int color = generator.getRandomColor();
  
        // below text drawable is a circular.
        TextDrawable drawable2 = TextDrawable.builder().beginConfig()
                .width(100)  // width in px
                .height(100) // height in px
                .endConfig()
                // as we are building a circular drawable
                // we are calling a build round method.
                // in that method we are passing our text and color.
                .buildRound(modal.getUserName().substring(0, 1), color);
        // setting image to our image view on below line.
        holder.contactIV.setImageDrawable(drawable2);
        // on below line we are adding on click listener to our item of recycler view.
        holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // on below line we are opening a new activity and passing data to it.
                Intent i = new Intent(context, ContactDetailActivity.class);
                i.putExtra("name", modal.getUserName());
                i.putExtra("contact", modal.getContactNumber());
                // on below line we are starting a new activity,
                context.startActivity(i);
            }
        });
    }
  
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return contactsModalArrayList.size();
    }
  
    public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        // on below line creating a variable
        // for our image view and text view.
        private ImageView contactIV;
        private TextView contactTV;
  
        public ViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            // initializing our image view and text view.
            contactIV = itemView.findViewById(R.id.idIVContact);
            contactTV = itemView.findViewById(R.id.idTVContactName);
        }
    }
}

步骤9：创建新的菜单资源文件以在工具栏中添加搜索视图

导航至应用程序> res>右键单击它> New> Android Resource目录，并将其命名为菜单，然后右键单击菜单，然后单击New> Menu resource directory 。在该名称之后，该文件将命名为search_menu，并在其中添加以下代码。在代码中添加了注释，以便更详细地了解。或者您可以参考本文如何在Android Studio中创建菜单文件夹和菜单文件?

步骤10：使用MainActivity。 Java文件

转到MainActivity。 Java文件并参考以下代码。下面是MainActivity的代码。 Java文件。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

Java

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.SearchView;
import android.widget.Toast;
  
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.view.MenuItemCompat;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
  
import com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton;
import com.karumi.dexter.Dexter;
import com.karumi.dexter.MultiplePermissionsReport;
import com.karumi.dexter.PermissionToken;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.DexterError;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.PermissionRequest;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.PermissionRequestErrorListener;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.multi.MultiplePermissionsListener;
  
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
  
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     
    // creating variables for our array list, recycler view progress bar and adapter.
    private ArrayList contactsModalArrayList;
    private RecyclerView contactRV;
    private ContactRVAdapter contactRVAdapter;
    private ProgressBar loadingPB;
  
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          
        // on below line we are initializing our variables.
        contactsModalArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
        contactRV = findViewById(R.id.idRVContacts);
        FloatingActionButton addNewContactFAB = findViewById(R.id.idFABadd);
        loadingPB = findViewById(R.id.idPBLoading);
          
        // calling method to prepare our recycler view.
        prepareContactRV();
         
        // calling a method to request permissions.
        requestPermissions();
          
        // adding on click listener for our fab.
        addNewContactFAB.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // opening a new activity on below line.
                Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CreateNewContactActivity.class);
                startActivity(i);
            }
        });
    }
  
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // in this on create options menu we are calling
        // a menu inflater and inflating our menu file.
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.search_menu, menu);
        // on below line we are getting our menu item as search view item
        MenuItem searchViewItem = menu.findItem(R.id.app_bar_search);
        // on below line we are creating a variable for our search view.
        final SearchView searchView = (SearchView) MenuItemCompat.getActionView(searchViewItem);
        // on below line we are setting on query text listener for our search view.
        searchView.setOnQueryTextListener(new SearchView.OnQueryTextListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
                // on query submit we are clearing the focus for our search view.
                searchView.clearFocus();
                return false;
            }
  
            @Override
            public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
                // on changing the text in our search view we are calling
                // a filter method to filter our array list.
                filter(newText.toLowerCase());
                return false;
            }
        });
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
  
    private void filter(String text) {
        // in this method we are filtering our array list.
        // on below line we are creating a new filtered array list.
        ArrayList filteredlist = new ArrayList<>();
        // on below line we are running a loop for checking if the item is present in array list.
        for (ContactsModal item : contactsModalArrayList) {
            if (item.getUserName().toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase())) {
                // on below line we are adding item to our filtered array list.
                filteredlist.add(item);
            }
        }
        // on below line we are checking if the filtered list is empty or not.
        if (filteredlist.isEmpty()) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "No Contact Found", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            // passing this filtered list to our adapter with filter list method.
            contactRVAdapter.filterList(filteredlist);
        }
    }
  
    private void prepareContactRV() {
        // in this method we are preparing our recycler view with adapter.
        contactRVAdapter = new ContactRVAdapter(this, contactsModalArrayList);
        // on below line we are setting layout manager.
        contactRV.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        // on below line we are setting adapter to our recycler view.
        contactRV.setAdapter(contactRVAdapter);
    }
  
    private void requestPermissions() {
        // below line is use to request
        // permission in the current activity.
        Dexter.withActivity(this)
                // below line is use to request the number of
                // permissions which are required in our app.
                .withPermissions(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,
                        // below is the list of permissions
                        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE,
                        Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS)
                // after adding permissions we are
                // calling an with listener method.
                .withListener(new MultiplePermissionsListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionsChecked(MultiplePermissionsReport multiplePermissionsReport) {
                        // this method is called when all permissions are granted
                        if (multiplePermissionsReport.areAllPermissionsGranted()) {
                            // do you work now
                            getContacts();
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "All the permissions are granted..", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                        // check for permanent denial of any permission
                        if (multiplePermissionsReport.isAnyPermissionPermanentlyDenied()) {
                            // permission is denied permanently,
                            // we will show user a dialog message.
                            showSettingsDialog();
                        }
                    }
  
                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(List list, PermissionToken permissionToken) {
                        // this method is called when user grants some
                        // permission and denies some of them.
                        permissionToken.continuePermissionRequest();
                    }
                }).withErrorListener(new PermissionRequestErrorListener() {
            // this method is use to handle error
            // in runtime permissions
            @Override
            public void onError(DexterError error) {
                // we are displaying a toast message for error message.
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Error occurred! ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        })
                // below line is use to run the permissions
                // on same thread and to check the permissions
                .onSameThread().check();
    }
  
    // below is the shoe setting dialog
    // method which is use to display a
    // dialogue message.
    private void showSettingsDialog() {
        // we are displaying an alert dialog for permissions
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
  
        // below line is the title
        // for our alert dialog.
        builder.setTitle("Need Permissions");
  
        // below line is our message for our dialog
        builder.setMessage("This app needs permission to use this feature. You can grant them in app settings.");
        builder.setPositiveButton("GOTO SETTINGS", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // this method is called on click on positive
                // button and on clicking shit button we
                // are redirecting our user from our app to the
                // settings page of our app.
                dialog.cancel();
                // below is the intent from which we
                // are redirecting our user.
                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null);
                intent.setData(uri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, 101);
            }
        });
        builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // this method is called when
                // user click on negative button.
                dialog.cancel();
            }
        });
        // below line is used
        // to display our dialog
        builder.show();
    }
  
    private void getContacts() {
        // this method is use to read contact from users device.
        // on below line we are creating a string variables for 
        // our contact id and display name.
        String contactId = "";
        String displayName = "";
        // on below line we are calling our content resolver for getting contacts
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME + " ASC");
        // on blow line we are checking the count for our cursor.
        if (cursor.getCount() > 0) {
            // if the count is greater than 0 then we are running a loop to move our cursor to next.
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                // on below line we are getting the phone number.
                int hasPhoneNumber = Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER)));
                if (hasPhoneNumber > 0) {
                    // we are checking if the has phone number is > 0
                    // on below line we are getting our contact id and user name for that contact
                    contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
                    displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
                    // on below line we are calling a content resolver and making a query
                    Cursor phoneCursor = getContentResolver().query(
                            ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
                            null,
                            ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + " = ?",
                            new String[]{contactId},
                            null);
                    // on below line we are moving our cursor to next position.
                    if (phoneCursor.moveToNext()) {
                        // on below line we are getting the phone number for our users and then adding the name along with phone number in array list.
                        String phoneNumber = phoneCursor.getString(phoneCursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                        contactsModalArrayList.add(new ContactsModal(displayName, phoneNumber));
                    }
                    // on below line we are closing our phone cursor.
                    phoneCursor.close();
                }
            }
        }
        // on below line we are closing our cursor.
        cursor.close();
        // on below line we are hiding our progress bar and notifying our adapter class.
        loadingPB.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        contactRVAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }
}

步骤11：使用CreateNewContactActivity

以下是activity_create_new_contact.xml和CreateNewContactActivity的代码。 Java文件。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

Java

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
  
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
  
public class CreateNewContactActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  
    // creating a new variable for our edit text and button.
    private EditText nameEdt, phoneEdt, emailEdt;
    private Button addContactEdt;
  
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_create_new_contact);
  
        // on below line we are initializing our variables.
        nameEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtName);
        phoneEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtPhoneNumber);
        emailEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtEmail);
        addContactEdt = findViewById(R.id.idBtnAddContact);
  
        // on below line we are adding on click listener for our button.
        addContactEdt.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
  
                // on below line we are getting text from our edit text.
                String name = nameEdt.getText().toString();
                String phone = phoneEdt.getText().toString();
                String email = emailEdt.getText().toString();
  
                // on below line we are making a text validation.
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name) && TextUtils.isEmpty(email) && TextUtils.isEmpty(phone)) {
                    Toast.makeText(CreateNewContactActivity.this, "Please enter the data in all fields. ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else {
                    // calling a method to add contact.
                    addContact(name, email, phone);
                }
            }
        });
  
    }
  
    private void addContact(String name, String email, String phone) {
        // in this method we are calling an intent and passing data to that
        // intent for adding a new contact.
        Intent contactIntent = new Intent(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.ACTION);
        contactIntent.setType(ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_TYPE);
        contactIntent
                .putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.NAME, name)
                .putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.PHONE, phone)
                .putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.EMAIL, email);
        startActivityForResult(contactIntent, 1);
    }
  
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        // in on activity result method.
        if (requestCode == 1) {
            // we are checking if the request code is 1
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                // if the result is ok we are displaying a toast message.
                Toast.makeText(this, "Contact has been added.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Intent i = new Intent(CreateNewContactActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(i);
            }
            // else we are displaying a message as contact addition has cancelled.
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Cancelled Added Contact",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

步骤12：使用ContactDetailActivity

以下是activity_contact_detail.xml和ContactDetailActivity的代码。 Java文件。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

Java

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
  
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
  
public class ContactDetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
      
    // creating variables for our image view and text view and string. .
    private String contactName, contactNumber;
    private TextView contactTV, nameTV;
    private ImageView contactIV, callIV, messageIV;
  
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_contact_detail);
         
        // on below line we are getting data which 
        // we passed in our adapter class with intent.
        contactName = getIntent().getStringExtra("name");
        contactNumber = getIntent().getStringExtra("contact");
          
        // initializing our views.
        nameTV = findViewById(R.id.idTVName);
        contactIV = findViewById(R.id.idIVContact);
        contactTV = findViewById(R.id.idTVPhone);
        nameTV.setText(contactName);
        contactTV.setText(contactNumber);
        callIV = findViewById(R.id.idIVCall);
        messageIV = findViewById(R.id.idIVMessage);
          
        // on below line adding click listener for our calling image view.
        callIV.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // calling a method to make a call.
                makeCall(contactNumber);
            }
        });
          
        // on below line adding on click listener for our message image view.
        messageIV.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // calling a method to send message
                sendMessage(contactNumber);
            }
        });
    }
  
    private void sendMessage(String contactNumber) {
        // in this method we are calling an intent to send sms.
        // on below line we are passing our contact number.
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("sms:" + contactNumber));
        intent.putExtra("sms_body", "Enter your messaage");
        startActivity(intent);
    }
  
    private void makeCall(String contactNumber) {
        // this method is called for making a call.
        // on below line we are calling an intent to make a call.
        Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
        // on below line we are setting data to it.
        callIntent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + contactNumber));
        // on below line we are checking if the calling permissions are granted not.
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(ContactDetailActivity.this,
                Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return;
        }
        // at last we are starting activity.
        startActivity(callIntent);
    }
}

现在运行您的应用程序，并查看该应用程序的输出。

Note: For all the drawable files you may refer to the GitHub link or you may add it of your own.

输出：

在Github链接上查看该项目： https : //github.com/ChaitanyaMunje/GFG-Back4App/tree/ContactsApp

想要一个节奏更快，更具竞争性的环境来学习Android的基础知识吗?

单击此处前往由我们的专家精心策划的指南，以使您立即做好行业准备！