final navigatorKey = GlobalKey();

void main() => runApp(
  MaterialApp(
    home: HomePage(),
    navigatorKey: navigatorKey, // Setting a global key for navigator
  ),
);

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(),
      body: SafeArea(
        child: Center(
          child: Text('test')
        )
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: showMyDialog, // Calling the function without providing it BuildContext
      ),
    );
  }
}

void showMyDialog() {
  showDialog(
    context: navigatorKey.currentContext,
    builder: (context) => Center(
      child: Material(
        color: Colors.transparent,
        child: Text('Hello'),
      ),
    )
  );
}