如何在 Pygame 中制作 Flappy Bird 游戏？

在本文中，我们将看到如何在 Pygame 中制作一个飞扬的小鸟游戏。

我们都熟悉这个游戏。在这个游戏中，玩家的主要目标是通过保护小鸟免受障碍来获得最高分。在这里，我们将使用Python构建我们自己的 Flappy Bird 游戏。

我们将使用 Pygame（一个Python库）来创建这个 Flappy Bird 游戏。 Pygame是一个开源库，专为制作视频游戏而设计。它帮助我们在Python创建功能齐全的游戏和多媒体程序。

首先，您必须使用以下命令安装 Pygame 库：-

pip install pygame

分步实施

第 1 步：在第一步中，我们必须导入库。

之后，我们必须设置游戏将要播放的屏幕的高度和宽度。现在我们必须定义一些我们将在我们的游戏中使用的图像，例如作为障碍的管道、鸟类图像以及飞扬的鸟类游戏的背景图像。

Python3

# For generating random height of pipes
import random  
import sys 
import pygame
from pygame.locals import * 
  
# Global Variables for the game
window_width = 600
window_height = 499
  
# set height and width of window
window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))   
elevation = window_height * 0.8
game_images = {}      
framepersecond = 32
pipeimage = 'images/pipe.png'
background_image = 'images/background.jpg'
birdplayer_image = '/images/bird.png'
sealevel_image = '/images/base.jfif'

第 2 步：在声明游戏变量并导入库之后，我们必须初始化 Pygame

使用的文件可以从这里下载。

使用pygame.init()初始化程序并设置窗口的标题。这里 pygame.time.Clock() 将在游戏的主循环中进一步使用来改变小鸟的速度。使用 pygame.image.load() 从 pygame 中的系统加载图像。

蟒蛇3

# program where the game starts
if __name__ == "__main__":          
      
    # For initializing modules of pygame library
    pygame.init()  
    framepersecond_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
      
    # Sets the title on top of game window
    pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird Game')      
  
    # Load all the images which we will use in the game
    # images for displaying score
    game_images['scoreimages'] = (
        pygame.image.load('images/0.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/1.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/2.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/3.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/4.png').convert_alpha(),        
        pygame.image.load('images/5.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/6.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/7.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/8.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/9.png').convert_alpha()
    )
    game_images['flappybird'] = pygame.image.load(birdplayer_image).convert_alpha()                  
    game_images['sea_level'] = pygame.image.load(sealevel_image).convert_alpha()
    game_images['background'] = pygame.image.load(background_image).convert_alpha()
    game_images['pipeimage'] = (pygame.transform.rotate(pygame.image.load(pipeimage)
                                                        .convert_alpha(),
                                                        180),
                                pygame.image.load(pipeimage).convert_alpha())
  
    print("WELCOME TO THE FLAPPY BIRD GAME")
    print("Press space or enter to start the game")

第三步：初始化小鸟的位置并开始游戏循环

将鸟类和海平面的位置初始化为地面。在循环中添加条件定义了游戏条件。变量水平和垂直用于设置鸟的位置。我们必须运行程序直到用户停止或退出（使用sys.exit() ）如果程序是这样，我们将创建一个无限的 while 循环。

蟒蛇3

while True:
  
        # sets the coordinates of flappy bird
        horizontal = int(window_width/5)
        vertical = int((window_height - game_images['flappybird'].get_height())/2)
          
        # for selevel
        ground = 0  
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
  
                # if user clicks on cross button, close the game
                if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                      
                    # Exit the program
                    sys.exit()   
  
                # If the user presses space or up key,
                # start the game for them
                elif event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
                    flappygame()
                  
                # if user doesn't press anykey Nothing happen
                else:
                    window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))
                    window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))
                    window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))
                      
                    # Just Refresh the screen
                    pygame.display.update()        
                      
                    # set the rate of frame per second
                    framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)

第 4 步：创建一个生成随机高度的新管道的函数

首先，我们必须使用getheight()函数获取管道的高度。在这之后生成一个介于 0 到一个数字之间的随机数（这样管道的高度应该可以调整到我们的窗口高度）。之后，我们创建一个包含上下管道坐标的字典列表并返回它。

蟒蛇3

def createPipe():
    offset = window_height/3
    pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()
      
    # generating random height of pipes
    y2 = offset + random.randrange(
      0, int(window_height - game_images['sea_level'].get_height() - 1.2 * offset))  
    pipeX = window_width + 10
    y1 = pipeHeight - y2 + offset
    pipe = [
        
        # upper Pipe
        {'x': pipeX, 'y': -y1},
        
          # lower Pipe
        {'x': pipeX, 'y': y2}  
    ]
    return pipe

第 5 步：现在我们创建一个GameOver()函数，它表示鸟是撞到管道还是落入海中。

按照我的想法，三个条件导致游戏结束的情况。如果我们的海拔和某个高度之间的差异小于垂直，这意味着小鸟已经越过它的边界，导致游戏结束，如果小鸟击中了上下点中的任何一个，那么这也将导致游戏结束。

蟒蛇3

# Checking if bird is above the sealevel.
def isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes):
    if vertical > elevation - 25 or vertical < 0: 
        return True
  
    # Checking if bird hits the upper pipe or not
    for pipe in up_pipes:    
        pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()
        if(vertical < pipeHeight + pipe['y'] 
           and abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()):
            return True
            
    # Checking if bird hits the lower pipe or not
    for pipe in down_pipes:
        if (vertical + game_images['flappybird'].get_height() > pipe['y']) 
        and abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():
            return True
    return False

第 6 步：现在我们将创建我们的主函数（ flappygame() ），它将执行以下操作：

通过 createPipe()函数初始化变量并创建两个管道。创建两个列表，第一个是下管道，另一个是下管道。定义鸟速、最小鸟速、最大鸟速和管道速度。使用pygame.event.get()处理关键事件并检查游戏是否结束从函数返回。更新分数和 blit 游戏图像，例如窗口上的背景、管道和鸟。

蟒蛇3

def flappygame():
    your_score = 0
    horizontal = int(window_width/5)
    vertical = int(window_width/2)
    ground = 0
    mytempheight = 100
  
    # Generating two pipes for blitting on window
    first_pipe = createPipe()
    second_pipe = createPipe()
  
    # List containing lower pipes
    down_pipes = [
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,
         'y': first_pipe[1]['y']},
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight+(window_width/2),
         'y': second_pipe[1]['y']},
    ]
  
    # List Containing upper pipes 
    up_pipes = [
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,
         'y': first_pipe[0]['y']},
        {'x': window_width+200-mytempheight+(window_width/2),
         'y': second_pipe[0]['y']},
    ]
  
    pipeVelX = -4 #pipe velocity along x
  
    bird_velocity_y = -9  # bird velocity
    bird_Max_Vel_Y = 10   
    bird_Min_Vel_Y = -8
    birdAccY = 1
      
     # velocity while flapping
    bird_flap_velocity = -8
      
    # It is true only when the bird is flapping
    bird_flapped = False  
    while True:
         
        # Handling the key pressing events
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
                if vertical > 0:
                    bird_velocity_y = bird_flap_velocity
                    bird_flapped = True
  
        # This function will return true if the flappybird is crashed
        game_over = isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes)
        if game_over:
            return
  
        # check for your_score
        playerMidPos = horizontal + game_images['flappybird'].get_width()/2
        for pipe in up_pipes:
            pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()/2
            if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:
                  # Printing the score
                your_score += 1
                print(f"Your your_score is {your_score}")
  
        if bird_velocity_y < bird_Max_Vel_Y and not bird_flapped:
            bird_velocity_y += birdAccY
  
        if bird_flapped:
            bird_flapped = False
        playerHeight = game_images['flappybird'].get_height()
        vertical = vertical + min(bird_velocity_y, elevation - vertical - playerHeight)
  
        # move pipes to the left
        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):
            upperPipe['x'] += pipeVelX
            lowerPipe['x'] += pipeVelX
  
        # Add a new pipe when the first is about
        # to cross the leftmost part of the screen
        if 0 < up_pipes[0]['x'] < 5:
            newpipe = createPipe()
            up_pipes.append(newpipe[0])
            down_pipes.append(newpipe[1])
  
        # if the pipe is out of the screen, remove it
        if up_pipes[0]['x'] < -game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():
            up_pipes.pop(0)
            down_pipes.pop(0)
  
        # Lets blit our game images now
        window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))
        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):
            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][0],
                        (upperPipe['x'], upperPipe['y']))
            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][1],
                        (lowerPipe['x'], lowerPipe['y']))
  
        window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))
        window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))
          
        # Fetching the digits of score.
        numbers = [int(x) for x in list(str(your_score))]
        width = 0
          
        # finding the width of score images from numbers.
        for num in numbers:
            width += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()
        Xoffset = (window_width - width)/1.1
          
        # Blitting the images on the window.
        for num in numbers:
            window.blit(game_images['scoreimages'][num], (Xoffset, window_width*0.02))
            Xoffset += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()
              
        # Refreshing the game window and displaying the score.
        pygame.display.update()
          
        # Set the framepersecond
        framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)

以下是完整的实现：

蟒蛇3

# Import module
import random
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
  
# All the Game Variables
window_width = 600
window_height = 499
  
# set height and width of window
window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))
elevation = window_height * 0.8
game_images = {}
framepersecond = 32
pipeimage = 'images/pipe.png'
background_image = 'images/background.jpg'
birdplayer_image = 'images/bird.png'
sealevel_image = 'images/base.jfif'
  
  
def flappygame():
    your_score = 0
    horizontal = int(window_width/5)
    vertical = int(window_width/2)
    ground = 0
    mytempheight = 100
  
    # Generating two pipes for blitting on window
    first_pipe = createPipe()
    second_pipe = createPipe()
  
    # List containing lower pipes
    down_pipes = [
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,
         'y': first_pipe[1]['y']},
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight+(window_width/2),
         'y': second_pipe[1]['y']},
    ]
  
    # List Containing upper pipes
    up_pipes = [
        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,
         'y': first_pipe[0]['y']},
        {'x': window_width+200-mytempheight+(window_width/2),
         'y': second_pipe[0]['y']},
    ]
  
    # pipe velocity along x
    pipeVelX = -4
  
    # bird velocity
    bird_velocity_y = -9
    bird_Max_Vel_Y = 10
    bird_Min_Vel_Y = -8
    birdAccY = 1
  
    bird_flap_velocity = -8
    bird_flapped = False
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):
                if vertical > 0:
                    bird_velocity_y = bird_flap_velocity
                    bird_flapped = True
  
        # This function will return true
        # if the flappybird is crashed
        game_over = isGameOver(horizontal,
                               vertical,
                               up_pipes,
                               down_pipes)
        if game_over:
            return
  
        # check for your_score
        playerMidPos = horizontal + game_images['flappybird'].get_width()/2
        for pipe in up_pipes:
            pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()/2
            if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:
                your_score += 1
                print(f"Your your_score is {your_score}")
  
        if bird_velocity_y < bird_Max_Vel_Y and not bird_flapped:
            bird_velocity_y += birdAccY
  
        if bird_flapped:
            bird_flapped = False
        playerHeight = game_images['flappybird'].get_height()
        vertical = vertical + \
            min(bird_velocity_y, elevation - vertical - playerHeight)
  
        # move pipes to the left
        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):
            upperPipe['x'] += pipeVelX
            lowerPipe['x'] += pipeVelX
  
        # Add a new pipe when the first is
        # about to cross the leftmost part of the screen
        if 0 < up_pipes[0]['x'] < 5:
            newpipe = createPipe()
            up_pipes.append(newpipe[0])
            down_pipes.append(newpipe[1])
  
        # if the pipe is out of the screen, remove it
        if up_pipes[0]['x'] < -game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():
            up_pipes.pop(0)
            down_pipes.pop(0)
  
        # Lets blit our game images now
        window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))
        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):
            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][0],
                        (upperPipe['x'], upperPipe['y']))
            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][1],
                        (lowerPipe['x'], lowerPipe['y']))
  
        window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))
        window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))
  
        # Fetching the digits of score.
        numbers = [int(x) for x in list(str(your_score))]
        width = 0
  
        # finding the width of score images from numbers.
        for num in numbers:
            width += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()
        Xoffset = (window_width - width)/1.1
  
        # Blitting the images on the window.
        for num in numbers:
            window.blit(game_images['scoreimages'][num],
                        (Xoffset, window_width*0.02))
            Xoffset += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()
  
        # Refreshing the game window and displaying the score.
        pygame.display.update()
        framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)
  
  
def isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes):
    if vertical > elevation - 25 or vertical < 0:
        return True
  
    for pipe in up_pipes:
        pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()
        if(vertical < pipeHeight + pipe['y'] and\
           abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()):
            return True
  
    for pipe in down_pipes:
        if (vertical + game_images['flappybird'].get_height() > pipe['y']) and\
        abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():
            return True
    return False
  
  
def createPipe():
    offset = window_height/3
    pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()
    y2 = offset + \
        random.randrange(
            0, int(window_height - game_images['sea_level'].get_height() - 1.2 * offset))  
    pipeX = window_width + 10
    y1 = pipeHeight - y2 + offset
    pipe = [
        # upper Pipe
        {'x': pipeX, 'y': -y1},
  
        # lower Pipe
        {'x': pipeX, 'y': y2}
    ]
    return pipe
  
  
# program where the game starts
if __name__ == "__main__":
  
        # For initializing modules of pygame library
    pygame.init()
    framepersecond_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
  
    # Sets the title on top of game window
    pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird Game')
  
    # Load all the images which we will use in the game
  
    # images for displaying score
    game_images['scoreimages'] = (
        pygame.image.load('images/0.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/1.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/2.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/3.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/4.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/5.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/6.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/7.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/8.png').convert_alpha(),
        pygame.image.load('images/9.png').convert_alpha()
    )
    game_images['flappybird'] = pygame.image.load(
        birdplayer_image).convert_alpha()
    game_images['sea_level'] = pygame.image.load(
        sealevel_image).convert_alpha()
    game_images['background'] = pygame.image.load(
        background_image).convert_alpha()
    game_images['pipeimage'] = (pygame.transform.rotate(pygame.image.load(
        pipeimage).convert_alpha(), 180), pygame.image.load(
      pipeimage).convert_alpha())
  
    print("WELCOME TO THE FLAPPY BIRD GAME")
    print("Press space or enter to start the game")
  
    # Here starts the main game
  
    while True:
  
        # sets the coordinates of flappy bird
  
        horizontal = int(window_width/5)
        vertical = int(
            (window_height - game_images['flappybird'].get_height())/2)
        ground = 0
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
  
                # if user clicks on cross button, close the game
                if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and \
                                          event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
  
                # If the user presses space or
                # up key, start the game for them
                elif event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or\
                                                event.key == K_UP):
                    flappygame()
  
                # if user doesn't press anykey Nothing happen
                else:
                    window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))
                    window.blit(game_images['flappybird'],
                                (horizontal, vertical))
                    window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))
                    pygame.display.update()
                    framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)

输出：