递归方法从链接列表的末尾查找第n个节点

使用递归方法在给定的链表中从末尾查找第n个节点。

例子：

Input : list: 4->2->1->5->3
         n = 2
Output : 5

算法：

findNthFromLast(head, n, count, nth_last)
    if head == NULL then
        return
    
    findNthFromLast(head->next, n, count, nth_last)
    count = count + 1
    if count == n then
        nth_last = head

findNthFromLastUtil(head, n)
    Initialize nth_last = NULL
    Initialize count = 0
    
    findNthFromLast(head, n, &count, &nth_last)
    
    if nth_last != NULL then
        print nth_last->data
    else
        print "Node does not exists"

注意：参数count和nth_last将是findNthFromLast()中的指针变量。

C++

// C++ implementation to recursively find the nth node from
// the last of the linked list
#include 
  
using namespace std;
  
// structure of a node of a linked list
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node* next;
};
  
// function to get a new node
Node* getNode(int data)
{
    // allocate space
    Node* newNode = new Node;
  
    // put in data
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->next = NULL;
    return newNode;
}
  
// funnction to recursively find the nth node from
// the last of the linked list
void findNthFromLast(Node* head, int n, int* count,
                     Node** nth_last)
{
    // if list is empty
    if (!head)
        return;
  
    // recursive call
    findNthFromLast(head->next, n, count, nth_last);
  
    // increment count
    *count = *count + 1;
  
    // if true, then head is the nth node from the last
    if (*count == n)
        *nth_last = head;
}
  
// utility function to find the nth node from
// the last of the linked list
void findNthFromLastUtil(Node* head, int n)
{
    // Initialize
    Node* nth_last = NULL;
    int count = 0;
  
    // find nth node from the last
    findNthFromLast(head, n, &count, &nth_last);
  
    // if node exists, then print it
    if (nth_last != NULL)
        cout << "Nth node from last is: "
             << nth_last->data;
    else
        cout << "Node does not exists";
}
  
// Driver program to test above
int main()
{
    // linked list: 4->2->1->5->3
    Node* head = getNode(4);
    head->next = getNode(2);
    head->next->next = getNode(1);
    head->next->next->next = getNode(5);
    head->next->next->next->next = getNode(3);
  
    int n = 2;
  
    findNthFromLastUtil(head, n);
  
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation to recursively 
// find the nth node from the last
// of the linked list 
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
static int count = 0, data = 0;
  
// a node of a linked list 
static class Node 
{ 
    int data; 
    Node next; 
}
  
// function to get a new node 
static Node getNode(int data) 
{ 
    // allocate space 
    Node newNode = new Node(); 
  
    // put in data 
    newNode.data = data; 
    newNode.next = null; 
    return newNode; 
} 
  
// funnction to recursively 
// find the nth node from 
// the last of the linked list 
static void findNthFromLast(Node head, int n, 
                            Node nth_last) 
{ 
    // if list is empty 
    if (head == null) 
        return; 
  
    // recursive call 
    findNthFromLast(head.next, n, nth_last); 
  
    // increment count 
    count = count + 1; 
      
    // if true, then head is the
    // nth node from the last 
    if (count == n) 
    {
        data = head.data; 
    }
} 
  
// utility function to find 
// the nth node from the last
// of the linked list 
static void findNthFromLastUtil(Node head, int n) 
{ 
    // Initialize 
    Node nth_last = new Node(); 
    count = 0; 
  
    // find nth node from the last 
    findNthFromLast(head, n, nth_last); 
  
    // if node exists, then print it 
    if (nth_last != null) 
        System.out.println("Nth node from last is: " +
                                                data); 
    else
        System.out.println("Node does not exists"); 
} 
  
// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{ 
    // linked list: 4.2.1.5.3 
    Node head = getNode(4); 
    head.next = getNode(2); 
    head.next.next = getNode(1); 
    head.next.next.next = getNode(5); 
    head.next.next.next.next = getNode(3); 
  
    int n = 2; 
  
    findNthFromLastUtil(head, n); 
} 
}
  
// This code is contributed 
// by Arnab Kundu

Python

# Python implementation to recursively 
# find the nth node from the last 
# of the linked list 
count = 0
data = 0
  
# a node of a linked list 
class Node(object): 
    def __init__(self, d): 
        self.data = d 
        self.next = None
  
# function to get a new node 
def getNode(data): 
  
    # allocate space 
    newNode = Node(0) 
  
    # put in data 
    newNode.data = data 
    newNode.next = None
    return newNode 
  
# funnction to recursively 
# find the nth node from 
# the last of the linked list 
def findNthFromLast(head, n, nth_last) :
  
    global count
    global data
      
    # if list is empty 
    if (head == None): 
        return
  
    # recursive call 
    findNthFromLast(head.next, n, nth_last) 
  
    # increment count 
    count = count + 1
      
    # if true, then head is the 
    # nth node from the last 
    if (count == n) :
      
        data = head.data 
  
# utility function to find 
# the nth node from the last 
# of the linked list 
def findNthFromLastUtil(head, n) :
  
    global count
    global data
      
    # Initialize 
    nth_last = Node(0) 
    count = 0
  
    # find nth node from the last 
    findNthFromLast(head, n, nth_last) 
  
    # if node exists, then print it 
    if (nth_last != None) :
        print("Nth node from last is: " , data) 
    else:
        print("Node does not exists") 
  
# Driver Code 
  
# linked list: 4.2.1.5.3 
head = getNode(4) 
head.next = getNode(2) 
head.next.next = getNode(1) 
head.next.next.next = getNode(5) 
head.next.next.next.next = getNode(3) 
  
n = 2
  
findNthFromLastUtil(head, n) 
  
# This code is contributed 
# by Arnab Kundu

C#

// C# implementation to recursively 
// find the nth node from the last
// of the linked list 
using System;
  
public class GFG
{
    static int count = 0, data = 0;
  
    // a node of a linked list 
    class Node 
    { 
        public int data; 
        public Node next; 
    }
  
// function to get a new node 
static Node getNode(int data) 
{ 
    // allocate space 
    Node newNode = new Node(); 
  
    // put in data 
    newNode.data = data; 
    newNode.next = null; 
    return newNode; 
} 
  
// funnction to recursively 
// find the nth node from 
// the last of the linked list 
static void findNthFromLast(Node head, int n, 
                            Node nth_last) 
{ 
    // if list is empty 
    if (head == null) 
        return; 
  
    // recursive call 
    findNthFromLast(head.next, n, nth_last); 
  
    // increment count 
    count = count + 1; 
      
    // if true, then head is the
    // nth node from the last 
    if (count == n) 
    {
        data = head.data; 
    }
} 
  
// utility function to find 
// the nth node from the last
// of the linked list 
static void findNthFromLastUtil(Node head, int n) 
{ 
    // Initialize 
    Node nth_last = new Node(); 
    count = 0; 
  
    // find nth node from the last 
    findNthFromLast(head, n, nth_last); 
  
    // if node exists, then print it 
    if (nth_last != null) 
        Console.WriteLine("Nth node from last is: " +
                                                data); 
    else
        Console.WriteLine("Node does not exists"); 
} 
  
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String []args)
{ 
    // linked list: 4.2.1.5.3 
    Node head = getNode(4); 
    head.next = getNode(2); 
    head.next.next = getNode(1); 
    head.next.next.next = getNode(5); 
    head.next.next.next.next = getNode(3); 
  
    int n = 2; 
  
    findNthFromLastUtil(head, n); 
} 
}
  
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

输出：

Nth node from last is: 5

时间复杂度： O(n)，其中“ n”是链表中节点的数量。