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📜  1到N之间没有相邻元素的整数子集的计数

📅  最后修改于: 2021-04-29 01:43:46             🧑  作者: Mango

给定整数N ,任务是计算从1N的整数数组形成的子集的数量,该子集不包含相邻元素。如果子集满足不相邻元素条件,则无法选择,但可以添加更多元素。

例子:

Input: N = 4
Output: 3
Explanation:
Array is {1, 2, 3, 4}
So to satisfy the condition, the subsets formed are :
{1, 3}, {2, 4}, {1, 4}

Input: N = 5
Output: 4

方法:
通过使用动态编程可以解决此问题。对于最后一个元素,我们有两个选择,要么包含它,要么排除它。令DP [i]为以索引i结尾的期望子集的数量。

    如果选择第i个索引,则不能选择第(i-1)个索引,但是可以选择第(i-2)个索引。这使DP [i-2]成为我们的新子问题。
    如果不选择第i个索引,则必须选择第(i-1)个索引,并且进一步不能选择第(i-2)个索引,但可以选择第(i-3)个索引。

所以下一个子问题变成DP [i-3]

因此,DP关系变为:

DP[i] = DP[i-2] + DP[i-3]  

但是,我们需要观察基本情况:

  • N = 0时,我们不能形成任何具有0个数字的子集。
  • N = 1时,我们可以形成1个子集{1}
  • N = 2时,我们可以形成2个子集{1}{2}
  • N = 3时,我们可以形成2个子集{1,3}{2}

下面是上述方法的实现:

C++
// C++ Code to count subsets not containing
// adjacent elements from 1 to N
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Function to count subsets
int countSubsets(int N)
{
      
    if(N <= 2)
        return N;
          
    if(N == 3)
        return 2;
      
    int DP[N + 1] = {0};
      
    DP[0] = 0, DP[1] = 1, DP[2] = 2, DP[3] = 2;
      
    for (int i = 4; i <= N; i++) {
  
        DP[i] = DP[i - 2] + DP[i - 3];
    }
      
    return DP[N];
}
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 20;
      
    cout << countSubsets(N);
      
    return 0;
}


Java
// Java code to count subsets not containing
// adjacent elements from 1 to N
class GFG{
  
// Function to count subsets
static int countSubsets(int N)
{
    if(N <= 2)
       return N;
          
    if(N == 3)
       return 2;
      
    int []DP = new int[N + 1];
      
    DP[0] = 0;
    DP[1] = 1;
    DP[2] = 2;
    DP[3] = 2;
      
    for(int i = 4; i <= N; i++)
    {
       DP[i] = DP[i - 2] + DP[i - 3];
    }
    return DP[N];
}
  
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 20;
      
    System.out.print(countSubsets(N));
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991


Python3
# Python3 Code to count subsets 
# not containing adjacent elements
# from 1 to N
  
# Function to count subsets
def countSubsets(N):
  
    if(N <= 2):
        return N
  
    if(N == 3):
        return 2
  
    DP = [0] * (N + 1)
  
    DP[0] = 0
    DP[1] = 1
    DP[2] = 2
    DP[3] = 2
  
    for i in range(4, N + 1):
  
        DP[i] = DP[i - 2] + DP[i - 3]
  
    return DP[N]
  
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    N = 20
  
    print(countSubsets(N))
      
# This code is contributed by Mohit Kumar


C#
// C# code to count subsets not containing
// adjacent elements from 1 to N
using System;
class GFG{
  
// Function to count subsets
static int countSubsets(int N)
{
    if(N <= 2)
        return N;
          
    if(N == 3)
        return 2;
      
    int []DP = new int[N + 1];
      
    DP[0] = 0;
    DP[1] = 1;
    DP[2] = 2;
    DP[3] = 2;
      
    for(int i = 4; i <= N; i++)
    {
        DP[i] = DP[i - 2] + DP[i - 3];
    }
    return DP[N];
}
  
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 20;
      
    Console.Write(countSubsets(N));
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991


输出:
265