📜  多边形裁剪| Sutherland-Hodgman算法

📅  最后修改于: 2021-04-26 17:54:21             🧑  作者: Mango

给出了凸多边形和凸裁剪区域。任务是使用Sutherland-Hodgman算法修剪多边形边缘。输入为多边形的顶点形式(按顺时针顺序)

例子:

输入:多边形:(100,150),(200,250),(300,200)剪切区域:(150,150),(150,200),(200,200),(200,150)即正方形输出:(150,162)(150,200)(200 ,200)(200,174) sutherland-hodgman-example-11示例2输入:多边形:(100,150),(200,250),(300,200)剪切区域:(100,300),(300,300),(200,100)输出:(242、185)(166、166)(150、200)(200 ,250)(260,220) sutherland-hodgman-example-22

算法概述:

Consider each edge e of clipping Area  and do following:
   a) Clip given polygon against e.

如何修剪剪切区域的边缘?
无限扩展(裁剪区域的)边缘以创建边界,并使用该边界对所有顶点进行裁剪。生成的新顶点列表将以顺时针方式传递到剪辑多边形的下一个边缘,直到使用完所有边缘为止。

对于给定多边形的任何给定边缘相对于当前剪切边缘e,有四种可能的情况。

  1. 两个顶点都在内部:仅将第二个顶点添加到输出列表中
  2. 第一个顶点在外部,第二个顶点在内部:边缘与剪切边界的交点和第二个顶点都添加到输出列表中
  3. 第一个顶点在内部,第二个顶点在外部:仅将边缘与剪辑边界的交点添加到输出列表中
  4. 两个顶点都在外部:没有将顶点添加到输出列表中

Sutherland-hodgman-example-1

在实施算法之前,有两个子问题需要讨论:

决定一个点在剪切器多边形的内部还是外部
如果按顺时针方向给出了Clipper多边形的顶点,则位于Clipper边缘右侧的所有点都在该多边形内部。可以使用以下公式计算:
点位置公式

查找边缘与剪辑边界的交点
如果知道每条线的两个点(1,2&3,4),则可以使用以下公式计算它们的相交点:
交叉点公式

// C++ program for implementing Sutherland–Hodgman
// algorithm for polygon clipping
#include
using namespace std;
  
const int MAX_POINTS = 20;
  
// Returns x-value of point of intersectipn of two
// lines
int x_intersect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
                int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4)
{
    int num = (x1*y2 - y1*x2) * (x3-x4) -
              (x1-x2) * (x3*y4 - y3*x4);
    int den = (x1-x2) * (y3-y4) - (y1-y2) * (x3-x4);
    return num/den;
}
  
// Returns y-value of point of intersectipn of
// two lines
int y_intersect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
                int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4)
{
    int num = (x1*y2 - y1*x2) * (y3-y4) -
              (y1-y2) * (x3*y4 - y3*x4);
    int den = (x1-x2) * (y3-y4) - (y1-y2) * (x3-x4);
    return num/den;
}
  
// This functions clips all the edges w.r.t one clip
// edge of clipping area
void clip(int poly_points[][2], int &poly_size,
          int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
    int new_points[MAX_POINTS][2], new_poly_size = 0;
  
    // (ix,iy),(kx,ky) are the co-ordinate values of
    // the points
    for (int i = 0; i < poly_size; i++)
    {
        // i and k form a line in polygon
        int k = (i+1) % poly_size;
        int ix = poly_points[i][0], iy = poly_points[i][1];
        int kx = poly_points[k][0], ky = poly_points[k][1];
  
        // Calculating position of first point
        // w.r.t. clipper line
        int i_pos = (x2-x1) * (iy-y1) - (y2-y1) * (ix-x1);
  
        // Calculating position of second point
        // w.r.t. clipper line
        int k_pos = (x2-x1) * (ky-y1) - (y2-y1) * (kx-x1);
  
        // Case 1 : When both points are inside
        if (i_pos < 0  && k_pos < 0)
        {
            //Only second point is added
            new_points[new_poly_size][0] = kx;
            new_points[new_poly_size][1] = ky;
            new_poly_size++;
        }
  
        // Case 2: When only first point is outside
        else if (i_pos >= 0  && k_pos < 0)
        {
            // Point of intersection with edge
            // and the second point is added
            new_points[new_poly_size][0] = x_intersect(x1,
                              y1, x2, y2, ix, iy, kx, ky);
            new_points[new_poly_size][1] = y_intersect(x1,
                              y1, x2, y2, ix, iy, kx, ky);
            new_poly_size++;
  
            new_points[new_poly_size][0] = kx;
            new_points[new_poly_size][1] = ky;
            new_poly_size++;
        }
  
        // Case 3: When only second point is outside
        else if (i_pos < 0  && k_pos >= 0)
        {
            //Only point of intersection with edge is added
            new_points[new_poly_size][0] = x_intersect(x1,
                              y1, x2, y2, ix, iy, kx, ky);
            new_points[new_poly_size][1] = y_intersect(x1,
                              y1, x2, y2, ix, iy, kx, ky);
            new_poly_size++;
        }
  
        // Case 4: When both points are outside
        else
        {
            //No points are added
        }
    }
  
    // Copying new points into original array
    // and changing the no. of vertices
    poly_size = new_poly_size;
    for (int i = 0; i < poly_size; i++)
    {
        poly_points[i][0] = new_points[i][0];
        poly_points[i][1] = new_points[i][1];
    }
}
  
// Implements Sutherland–Hodgman algorithm
void suthHodgClip(int poly_points[][2], int poly_size,
                  int clipper_points[][2], int clipper_size)
{
    //i and k are two consecutive indexes
    for (int i=0; i

输出:

(150, 162) (150, 200) (200, 200) (200, 174)

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