📜  Java程序实现队列数据结构

📅  最后修改于: 2020-09-26 19:11:48             🧑  作者: Mango

在这个例子中,我们将学习用Java实现队列数据结构。

示例1:实现堆栈的Java程序
public class Queue {
  int SIZE = 5;
  int items[] = new int[SIZE];
  int front, rear;

  Queue() {
    front = -1;
    rear = -1;
  }

  // check if the queue is full
  boolean isFull() {
    if (front == 0 && rear == SIZE - 1) {
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // check if the queue is empty
  boolean isEmpty() {
    if (front == -1)
      return true;
    else
      return false;
  }

  // insert elements to the queue
  void enQueue(int element) {

    // if queue is full
    if (isFull()) {
      System.out.println("Queue is full");
    }
    else {
      if (front == -1) {
        // mark front denote first element of queue
        front = 0;
      }

      rear++;
      // insert element at the rear
      items[rear] = element;
      System.out.println("Insert " + element);
    }
  }

  // delete element from the queue
  int deQueue() {
    int element;

    // if queue is empty
    if (isEmpty()) {
      System.out.println("Queue is empty");
      return (-1);
    }
    else {
      // remove element from the front of queue
      element = items[front];

      // if the queue has only one element
      if (front >= rear) {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
      }
      else {
        // mark next element as the front
        front++;
      }
      System.out.println( element + " Deleted");
      return (element);
    }
  }

  // display element of the queue
  void display() {
    int i;
    if (isEmpty()) {
      System.out.println("Empty Queue");
    }
    else {
      // display the front of the queue
      System.out.println("\nFront index-> " + front);

      // display element of the queue
      System.out.println("Items -> ");
      for (i = front; i <= rear; i++)
        System.out.print(items[i] + "  ");

      // display the rear of the queue
      System.out.println("\nRear index-> " + rear);
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    // create an object of Queue class
    Queue q = new Queue();

    // try to delete element from the queue
    // currently queue is empty
    // so deletion is not possible
    q.deQueue();

    // insert elements to the queue
    for(int i = 1; i < 6; i ++) {
      q.enQueue(i);
    }

    // 6th element can't be added to queue because queue is full
    q.enQueue(6);

    q.display();

    // deQueue removes element entered first i.e. 1
    q.deQueue();

    // Now we have just 4 elements
    q.display();

  }
}

输出

Queue is empty
Insert 1
Insert 2
Insert 3
Insert 4
Insert 5
Queue is full

Front index-> 0
Items ->
1  2  3  4  5  
Rear index-> 4
1 Deleted

Front index-> 1
Items ->
2  3  4  5
Rear index-> 4

在上面的示例中,我们已经用Java实现了队列数据结构。

要了解有关队列的方法,请访问队列数据结构。


示例2:使用Queue接口实现堆栈

Java提供了一个内置的Queue接口,可用于实现队列。

import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.LinkedList;

class Main {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Creating Queue using the LinkedList class
    Queue numbers = new LinkedList<>();

    // enqueue
    // insert element at the rear of the queue
    numbers.offer(1);
    numbers.offer(2);
    numbers.offer(3);
    System.out.println("Queue: " + numbers);

    // dequeue
    // delete element from the front of the queue
    int removedNumber = numbers.poll();
    System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedNumber);

    System.out.println("Queue after deletion: " + numbers);
    }
}

输出

Queue: [1, 2, 3]
Removed Element: 1
Queue after deletion: [2, 3]

在上面的示例中,我们使用Queue接口在Java中实现队列。在这里,我们使用了实现Queue接口的LinkedList类。

  • Numbers.offer() -将元素插入队列的后面
  • Numbers.poll() -从队列的前面删除一个元素

注意,我们在创建队列时使用了尖括号 。它表示队列是通用类型。

我们还可以使用其他接口和类代替QueueLinkedList 。例如,

  • 双端队列接口
  • ArrayDeque类别
  • PriorityQueue类