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📜  R运算符

📅  最后修改于: 2021-01-08 09:28:41             🧑  作者: Mango

R中的运算符

在计算机编程中，运算符是代表动作的符号。运算符是一个符号，告诉编译器执行特定的逻辑或数学操作。 R编程在内置运算符非常丰富。

在R编程中，有不同类型的运算符，每个运算符执行不同的任务。对于数据处理，还有一些高级运算符，例如模型公式和列表索引。

R中使用以下类型的运算符：

算术运算符

算术运算运算符是用于表示算术数学运算的符号。运算符作用于向量的每个元素。 R支持各种算术运算运算符。

S. No Operator Description Example
1. + This operator is used to add two vectors in R.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a+b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  13.0  8.3  5.0
2. – This operator is used to divide a vector from another one.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a-b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  -9.0  -1.7  3.0
3. * This operator is used to multiply two vectors with each other.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a*b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  22.0  16.5  4.0
4. / This operator divides the vector from another one.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a/b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  0.1818182  0.6600000  4.0000000
5. %% This operator is used to find the remainder of the first vector with the second vector.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a%%b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  2.0  3.3  0
6. %/% This operator is used to find the division of the first vector with the second(quotient). 
a <- c(2, 3.3, 4)
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a%/%b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  0  0  4
7. ^ This operator raised the first vector to the exponent of the second vector.a <- c(2, 3.3, 4) 
b <- c(11, 5, 3)
print(a^b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  0248.0000  391.3539  4.0000

关系运算符

关系运算符是定义两个实体之间某种关系的符号。这些包括数值等式和不等式。关系运算符将第一向量的每个元素与第二向量的对应元素进行比较。比较的结果将是一个布尔值。 R支持以下关系运算符：

S. No Operator Description Example
1. > This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is greater than the corresponding element of the second vector. 
a <- c(1, 3, 5)
b <- c(2, 4, 6)
print(a>b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  FALSE  FALSE  FALSE
2. < This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is less then the corresponding element of the second vector. 
a <- c(1, 9, 5)
b <- c(2, 4, 6)
print(a

It will give us the following output:


[1]  FALSE  TRUE  FALSE
3. <= This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is less than or equal to the corresponding element of another vector. 
a <- c(1, 3, 5)
b <- c(2, 3, 6)
print(a<=b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE
4. >= This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is greater than or equal to the corresponding element of another vector. 
a <- c(1, 3, 5)
b <- c(2, 3, 6)
print(a>=b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  FALSE  TRUE  FALSE
5. == This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is equal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
a <- c(1, 3, 5)
b <- c(2, 3, 6)
print(a==b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  FALSE  TRUE  FALSE
6. != This operator will return TRUE when every element in the first vector is not equal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
a <- c(1, 3, 5)
b <- c(2, 3, 6)
print(a>=b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE  FALSE  TRUE

逻辑运算符

逻辑运算符允许程序根据多种条件做出决定。在程序中，每个操作数都被视为可以评估为假值或真值的条件。条件的值用于确定op1运算符op2的总值。逻辑运算符适用于类型为逻辑，数字或复数的向量。

逻辑运算符将第一向量的每个元素与第二向量的对应元素进行比较。

S. No Operator Description Example
1. & This operator is known as the Logical AND operator. This operator takes the first element of both the vector and returns TRUE if both the elements are TRUE. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
b <- c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i)
print(a&b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE  FALSE TRUE  TRUE
2. | This operator is called the Logical OR operator. This operator takes the first element of both the vector and returns TRUE if one of them is TRUE. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
b <- c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i)
print(a|b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE  TRUE TRUE  TRUE
3. ! This operator is known as Logical NOT operator. This operator takes the first element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value as a result. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
print(!a)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  FALSE  TRUE  FALSE  FALSE
4. && This operator takes the first element of both the vector and gives TRUE as a result, only if both are TRUE. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
b <- c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i)
print(a&&b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE
5. || This operator takes the first element of both the vector and gives the result TRUE, if one of them is true. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
b <- c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i)
print(a||b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  TRUE

赋值运算符

赋值运算符用于将新值赋给变量。在R中，这些运算符用于为向量分配值。有以下几种类型的作业

S. No Operator Description Example
1. <- or = or <<- These operators are known as left assignment operators. 
a <- c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i)
b <<- c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i)
d = c(1, 2, TRUE, 2+3i)
print(a)
print(b)
print(d)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  3+0i  0+0i  1+0i  2+2i
[1]  2+0i  4+0i  1+0i  2+3i
[1]  1+0i  2+0i  1+0i  2+3i
2. -> or ->> These operators are known as right assignment operators. 
c(3, 0, TRUE, 2+2i) -> a
c(2, 4, TRUE, 2+3i) ->> b
print(a)
print(b)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  3+0i  0+0i  1+0i  2+2i
[1]  2+0i  4+0i  1+0i  2+3i

R支持的运算符：

杂项运算符

其他运算符用于特殊目的。这些运算符不用于一般的数学或逻辑计算。 R中支持以下杂类运算符

S. No Operator Description Example
1. : The colon operator is used to create the series of numbers in sequence for a vector. 
v <- 1:8
print(v)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8
2. %in% This is used when we want to identify if an element belongs to a vector. 
a1 <- 8
a2 <- 12
d <- 1:10
print(a1%in%t)
print(a2%in%t)

It will give us the following output:

[1]  FALSE
[1]  FALSE
3. %*% It is used to multiply a matrix with its transpose. 
M=matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6), nrow=2, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE)
T=m%*%T(m)
print(T)

It will give us the following output:

14    32
32    77