R-运算符 - 芒果文档

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📜 R-运算符

📅 最后修改于: 2020-11-29 07:42:01 🧑 作者: Mango

运算符是一个符号，告诉编译器执行特定的数学或逻辑操作。 R语言具有丰富的内置运算符，并提供以下类型的运算符。

运营商类型

我们在R编程中具有以下类型的运算符-

算术运算符
关系运算符
逻辑运算符
赋值运算符
杂项运算符

算术运算符

下表显示了R语言支持的算术运算运算符。运算符作用于向量的每个元素。

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two vectors	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v+t) it produces the following result − [1] 10.0 8.5 10.0
−	Subtracts second vector from the first	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v-t) it produces the following result − [1] -6.0 2.5 2.0
*	Multiplies both vectors	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v*t) it produces the following result − [1] 16.0 16.5 24.0
/	Divide the first vector with the second	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v/t) When we execute the above code, it produces the following result − [1] 0.250000 1.833333 1.500000
%%	Give the remainder of the first vector with the second	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v%%t) it produces the following result − [1] 2.0 2.5 2.0
%/%	The result of division of first vector with second (quotient)	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v%/%t) it produces the following result − [1] 0 1 1
^	The first vector raised to the exponent of second vector	Live Demo v <- c( 2,5.5,6) t <- c(8, 3, 4) print(v^t) it produces the following result − [1] 256.000 166.375 1296.000

关系运算符

下表显示了R语言支持的关系运算符。将第一向量的每个元素与第二向量的对应元素进行比较。比较的结果是一个布尔值。

Operator	Description	Example
>	Checks if each element of the first vector is greater than the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v>t) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
<	Checks if each element of the first vector is less than the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v < t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
==	Checks if each element of the first vector is equal to the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v == t) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
<=	Checks if each element of the first vector is less than or equal to the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v<=t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE
>=	Checks if each element of the first vector is greater than or equal to the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v>=t) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
!=	Checks if each element of the first vector is unequal to the corresponding element of the second vector.	Live Demo v <- c(2,5.5,6,9) t <- c(8,2.5,14,9) print(v!=t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE

逻辑运算符

下表显示了R语言支持的逻辑运算符。它仅适用于逻辑，数字或复数类型的向量。所有大于1的数字均视为逻辑值TRUE。

将第一向量的每个元素与第二向量的对应元素进行比较。比较的结果是一个布尔值。

Operator	Description	Example
&	It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE.	Live Demo v <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) t <- c(4,1,FALSE,2+3i) print(v&t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
\|	It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if one the elements is TRUE.	Live Demo v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) t <- c(4,0,FALSE,2+3i) print(v\|t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE
!	It is called Logical NOT operator. Takes each element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value.	Live Demo v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) print(!v) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE

Operator

Description

Example

It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE.

Live Demo

v <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
t <- c(4,1,FALSE,2+3i)
print(v&t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if one the elements is TRUE.

Live Demo

v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)
t <- c(4,0,FALSE,2+3i)
print(v|t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE

It is called Logical NOT operator. Takes each element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value.

Live Demo

v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)
print(!v)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE

逻辑运算符&&和||仅考虑向量的第一个元素，并给出单个元素的向量作为输出。

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Called Logical AND operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE only if both are TRUE.	Live Demo v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) t <- c(1,3,TRUE,2+3i) print(v&&t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE
\|\|	Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE.	Live Demo v <- c(0,0,TRUE,2+2i) t <- c(0,3,TRUE,2+3i) print(v\|\|t) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE

Operator

Description

Example

Called Logical AND operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE only if both are TRUE.

Live Demo

v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)
t <- c(1,3,TRUE,2+3i)
print(v&&t)

it produces the following result −

[1] TRUE

Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE.

Live Demo

v <- c(0,0,TRUE,2+2i)
t <- c(0,3,TRUE,2+3i)
print(v||t)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE

赋值运算符

这些运算符用于为向量分配值。

Operator	Description	Example
<− or = or <<−	Called Left Assignment	Live Demo v1 <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) v2 <<- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) v3 = c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) print(v1) print(v2) print(v3) it produces the following result − [1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i [1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i [1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
-> or ->>	Called Right Assignment	Live Demo c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) -> v1 c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) ->> v2 print(v1) print(v2) it produces the following result − [1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i [1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i

Operator

Description

Example

<−

<<−

Called Left Assignment

Live Demo

v1 <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
v2 <<- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
v3 = c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
print(v1)
print(v2)
print(v3)

it produces the following result −

[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i

->>

Called Right Assignment

Live Demo

c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) -> v1
c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) ->> v2 
print(v1)
print(v2)

it produces the following result −

[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i

杂项运算符

这些运算符用于特定目的，而不是一般的数学或逻辑计算。

Operator	Description	Example
:	Colon operator. It creates the series of numbers in sequence for a vector.	Live Demo v <- 2:8 print(v) it produces the following result − [1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
%in%	This operator is used to identify if an element belongs to a vector.	Live Demo v1 <- 8 v2 <- 12 t <- 1:10 print(v1 %in% t) print(v2 %in% t) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE [1] FALSE
%*%	This operator is used to multiply a matrix with its transpose.	Live Demo M = matrix( c(2,6,5,1,10,4), nrow = 2,ncol = 3,byrow = TRUE) t = M %*% t(M) print(t) it produces the following result − [,1] [,2] [1,] 65 82 [2,] 82 117

Operator

Description

Example

Colon operator. It creates the series of numbers in sequence for a vector.

Live Demo

v <- 2:8
print(v)

it produces the following result −

[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

%in%

This operator is used to identify if an element belongs to a vector.

Live Demo

v1 <- 8
v2 <- 12
t <- 1:10
print(v1 %in% t) 
print(v2 %in% t)

it produces the following result −

[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE

%*%

This operator is used to multiply a matrix with its transpose.

Live Demo

M = matrix( c(2,6,5,1,10,4), nrow = 2,ncol = 3,byrow = TRUE)
t = M %*% t(M)
print(t)

it produces the following result −

      [,1] [,2]
[1,]   65   82
[2,]   82  117