📜  用于数组旋转的程序的 C# 程序

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:54:40.459000             🧑  作者: Mango

用于数组旋转的程序的 C# 程序

编写一个函数rotate(ar[], d, n) 将大小为 n 的 arr[] 旋转 d 个元素。

大批

将上述数组旋转 2 次将生成数组

数组旋转1

方法 1(使用临时数组)

Input arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], d = 2, n =7
1) Store the first d elements in a temp array
   temp[] = [1, 2]
2) Shift rest of the arr[]
   arr[] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6, 7]
3) Store back the d elements
   arr[] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2]

时间复杂度: O(n)
辅助空间: O(d)

方法二(一一旋转)

leftRotate(arr[], d, n)
start
  For i = 0 to i < d
    Left rotate all elements of arr[] by one
end

要旋转 1,请将 arr[0] 存储在临时变量 temp 中,将 arr[1] 移动到 arr[0],将 arr[2] 移动到 arr[1] ...最后将 temp 移动到 arr[n-1]
让我们以同样的例子 arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], d = 2
将 arr[] 旋转 2 次
我们在第一次旋转后得到 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1],在第二次旋转后得到 [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2]。
以下是上述方法的实现:

C#
// C# program for array rotation
using System;
 
class GFG {
    /* Function to left rotate arr[]
    of size n by d*/
    static void leftRotate(int[] arr, int d,
                           int n)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < d; i++)
            leftRotatebyOne(arr, n);
    }
 
    static void leftRotatebyOne(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        int i, temp = arr[0];
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
            arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
 
        arr[n-1] = temp;
    }
 
    /* utility function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int[] arr, int size)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
        leftRotate(arr, 2, 7);
        printArray(arr, 7);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sam007


C#
// C# program for array rotation
using System;
 
class GFG {
    /* Function to left rotate arr[]
    of size n by d*/
    static void leftRotate(int[] arr, int d,
                           int n)
    {
        int i, j, k, temp;
        /* To handle if d >= n */
        d = d % n;
        int g_c_d = gcd(d, n);
        for (i = 0; i < g_c_d; i++) {
            /* move i-th values of blocks */
            temp = arr[i];
            j = i;
            while (true) {
                k = j + d;
                if (k >= n)
                    k = k - n;
                if (k == i)
                    break;
                arr[j] = arr[k];
                j = k;
            }
            arr[j] = temp;
        }
    }
 
    /*UTILITY FUNCTIONS*/
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int[] arr, int size)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
 
    /* Function to get gcd of a and b*/
    static int gcd(int a, int b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
            return a;
        else
            return gcd(b, a % b);
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
        leftRotate(arr, 2, 7);
        printArray(arr, 7);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sam007


输出 :

3 4 5 6 7 1 2 

时间复杂度: O(n * d)
辅助空间: O(1)
方法 3(杂耍算法)
这是方法2的扩展。不是一个一个移动,而是将数组分成不同的集合
其中集合数等于 n 和 d 的 GCD,并在集合内移动元素。
如果 GCD 为 1,如上面的示例数组(n = 7 和 d =2),则元素将仅在一组内移动,我们只需从 temp = arr[0] 开始并继续移动 arr[I+d]到 arr[I] 并最终将 temp 存储在正确的位置。
这是 n = 12 和 d = 3 的示例。GCD 为 3 并且

Let arr[] be {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

a) Elements are first moved in first set – (See below 
   diagram for this movement)

arr[] after this step --> {4 2 3 7 5 6 10 8 9 1 11 12}

b)    Then in second set.
          arr[] after this step --> {4 5 3 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 12}

c)    Finally in third set.
          arr[] after this step --> {4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3}

以下是上述方法的实现:

C#

// C# program for array rotation
using System;
 
class GFG {
    /* Function to left rotate arr[]
    of size n by d*/
    static void leftRotate(int[] arr, int d,
                           int n)
    {
        int i, j, k, temp;
        /* To handle if d >= n */
        d = d % n;
        int g_c_d = gcd(d, n);
        for (i = 0; i < g_c_d; i++) {
            /* move i-th values of blocks */
            temp = arr[i];
            j = i;
            while (true) {
                k = j + d;
                if (k >= n)
                    k = k - n;
                if (k == i)
                    break;
                arr[j] = arr[k];
                j = k;
            }
            arr[j] = temp;
        }
    }
 
    /*UTILITY FUNCTIONS*/
    /* Function to print an array */
    static void printArray(int[] arr, int size)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
 
    /* Function to get gcd of a and b*/
    static int gcd(int a, int b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
            return a;
        else
            return gcd(b, a % b);
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
        leftRotate(arr, 2, 7);
        printArray(arr, 7);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sam007

输出 :

3 4 5 6 7 1 2 

时间复杂度: O(n)
辅助空间: O(1)

有关更多详细信息,请参阅有关阵列旋转程序的完整文章!