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📜  Python Tkinter菜单

📅  最后修改于: 2020-10-27 01:54:13             🧑  作者: Mango

Python Tkinter菜单

菜单小部件用于在Python应用程序中创建各种类型的菜单(顶层，下拉菜单和弹出菜单)。

顶层菜单是显示在父窗口标题栏正下方的菜单。我们需要创建一个菜单小部件的新实例，并使用add()方法向其中添加各种命令。

下面给出了使用菜单小部件的语法。

句法

w = Menu(top, options)

下面列出了可能的选项。

SN Option Description
1 activebackground The background color of the widget when the widget is under the focus.
2 activeborderwidth The width of the border of the widget when it is under the mouse. The default is 1 pixel.
3 activeforeground The font color of the widget when the widget has the focus.
4 bg The background color of the widget.
5 bd The border width of the widget.
6 cursor The mouse pointer is changed to the cursor type when it hovers the widget. The cursor type can be set to arrow or dot.
7 disabledforeground The font color of the widget when it is disabled.
8 font The font type of the text of the widget.
9 fg The foreground color of the widget.
10 postcommand The postcommand can be set to any of the function which is called when the mourse hovers the menu.
11 relief The type of the border of the widget. The default type is RAISED.
12 image It is used to display an image on the menu.
13 selectcolor The color used to display the checkbutton or radiobutton when they are selected.
14 tearoff By default, the choices in the menu start taking place from position 1. If we set the tearoff = 1, then it will start taking place from 0th position.
15 title Set this option to the title of the window if you want to change the title of the window.

方法

菜单小部件包含以下方法。

SN Option Description
1 add_command(options) It is used to add the Menu items to the menu.
2 add_radiobutton(options) This method adds the radiobutton to the menu.
3 add_checkbutton(options) This method is used to add the checkbuttons to the menu.
4 add_cascade(options) It is used to create a hierarchical menu to the parent menu by associating the given menu to the parent menu.
5 add_seperator() It is used to add the seperator line to the menu.
6 add(type, options) It is used to add the specific menu item to the menu.
7 delete(startindex, endindex) It is used to delete the menu items exist in the specified range.
8 entryconfig(index, options) It is used to configure a menu item identified by the given index.
9 index(item) It is used to get the index of the specified menu item.
10 insert_seperator(index) It is used to insert a seperator at the specified index.
11 invoke(index) It is used to invoke the associated with the choice given at the specified index.
12 type(index) It is used to get the type of the choice specified by the index.

创建顶层菜单

可以通过实例化Menu小部件并将菜单项添加到菜单来创建顶级菜单。

例子1

# !/usr/bin/python3

from tkinter import *

top = Tk()

def hello():
    print("hello!")

# create a toplevel menu
menubar = Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label="Hello!", command=hello)
menubar.add_command(label="Quit!", command=top.quit)

# display the menu
top.config(menu=menubar)

top.mainloop()

输出：

单击hello Menu按钮将在控制台上print问候，而单击Quit Menu按钮将退出Python应用程序。

例子2

from tkinter import Toplevel, Button, Tk, Menu

top = Tk()
menubar = Menu(top)
file = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
file.add_command(label="New")
file.add_command(label="Open")
file.add_command(label="Save")
file.add_command(label="Save as...")
file.add_command(label="Close")

file.add_separator()

file.add_command(label="Exit", command=top.quit)

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)
edit = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
edit.add_command(label="Undo")

edit.add_separator()

edit.add_command(label="Cut")
edit.add_command(label="Copy")
edit.add_command(label="Paste")
edit.add_command(label="Delete")
edit.add_command(label="Select All")

menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=edit)
help = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
help.add_command(label="About")
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help)

top.config(menu=menubar)
top.mainloop()

输出：