解析分子并获取原子数的程序

给定一个字符串的化学式，任务是获取该化学式中原子的数量。

例子：

Input: str = "Fe2H3OH"
Output: Fe 2
        H 4
        O 1

Input: str = "NaCl2NaO2"
Output: Na 2
        Cl 2
        O 2

方法：以下方法适用于Java编程语言：

• 使用 LinkedHashMap 按插入顺序存储原子名称（键）和计数（值）。
• 检查字符串字符是否为小写，然后添加到前一个大写字符串字符。
• 检查字符串包含数字，然后将计数（值）添加到其特定原子名称（键）。
• 打印原子名称（键）和计数（值）。

下面是上述方法的实现：

// Java program to parse the molecule
// and get the atoms count
  
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG {
  
    static void getCount(String str)
    {
  
        // Use LinkedHashmap to store
        // elements in insertion oreder
        Map mp
            = new LinkedHashMap();
  
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            int count = 0;
  
            // Convert the string element into character
            char c = str.charAt(i);
            String a = " ";
  
            // Convert the character element
            // into string element
            a = String.valueOf(c);
  
            // Check string contains the Capital A - Z value.
            if (a.matches("[A-Z]")) {
  
                for (int j = i + 1; j < str.length(); j++) {
  
                    char d = str.charAt(j);
                    String b = String.valueOf(d);
  
                    // Check string contains the small a-z value.
                    if (b.matches("[a-z]")) {
  
                        a += b;
  
                        if (mp.get(a) == null)
                            mp.put(a, 1);
                        else
                            mp.put(a, mp.get(a) + 1);
                        count = 1;
                    }
  
                    // Check string contains the number value.
                    else if (b.matches("[\\d]")) {
  
                        int k = Integer.parseInt(b);
                        mp.put(a, k);
                        count = 1;
                    }
  
                    else {
                        i = j - 1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
  
                if (count == 0) {
                    if (mp.get(a) == null)
                        mp.put(a, 1);
                    else
                        mp.put(a, mp.get(a) + 1);
                }
            }
        }
  
        System.out.println("\nAtom count:");
        for (Map.Entry
                 entry : mp.entrySet())
            System.out.println(entry.getKey()
                               + " "
                               + entry.getValue());
  
        mp.clear();
    }
  
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String str = "Fe2H3OH";
        System.out.println("Given molecule: "
                           + str);
        getCount(str);
    }
}

输出：

Given molecule: Fe2H3OH

Atom count:
Fe 2
H 4
O 1