📜  C++ STL-Set.upper_bound()函数

📅  最后修改于: 2020-10-20 08:11:20             🧑  作者: Mango

C++ STL Set.upper_bound()

C++ set upper_bound()函数用于返回一个迭代器,该迭代器指向set容器中的值,该值大于参数中传递的val。

句法

      iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val) const;            //until C++ 11

      iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val);                    //since C++ 11
const_iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val) const;        //since C++ 11

参数

val:要在集合容器中搜索的值。

返回值

它返回一个指向Set.容器中值的迭代器,该值大于参数中传递的val。如果没有这样的元素,则返回end()。

复杂度

大小为对数。

迭代器有效性

没有变化。

数据竞争

可以访问容器(const版本和非const版本都不能修改容器)。

同时访问集合的元素是安全的。

例外

如果引发异常,则容器中没有任何更改。

例子1

让我们看一个简单的示例,以获取给定值的上限:

#include 
#include 

using namespace std;

int main(void) {
   set m = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
           
   auto it = m.upper_bound('b');

   cout << "Upper bound of b is(>): " << *it << endl;

   return 0;
}

输出:

Upper bound of b is(>): c

在上面的示例中,当我们尝试找到元素b的上限时,它将返回元素b的较大值,即c

例子2

让我们看一个简单的示例,从下限到上限擦除set的元素:

#include 
#include 

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  set myset;
  set::iterator itlow,itup;

  for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

  itlow=myset.lower_bound (30);                //       ^
  itup=myset.upper_bound (60);                 //                   ^

  myset.erase(itlow,itup);                     // 10 20 70 80 90

  std::cout << "myset contains:";
  for (set::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
    cout << ' ' << *it;
  cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

输出:

myset contains: 10 20 70 80 90

在上面的示例中,delete()函数将set的元素从下限(=)擦除到上限(>),并print其余内容。

例子3

让我们看一个简单的例子:

#include
#include
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    // initialize container
    set mp;
 
    // insert elements in random order
    mp.insert( 12 );
    mp.insert( 11 );
    mp.insert( 15 );
    mp.insert( 14 );
 
    // when 11 is present
    auto it = mp.upper_bound(11);
    cout << "The upper bound of key 11 is ";
    cout << (*it)<< endl;
 
    // when 13 is not present
    it = mp.upper_bound(13);
    cout << "The upper bound of key 13 is ";
    cout << (*it)<< endl;
 
    // when 17 is exceeds the maximum key, so size
        // of mp is returned as key and value as 0.
    it = mp.upper_bound(17);
    cout << "The upper bound of key 17 is ";
    cout << (*it);
    return 0;
}

输出:

The upper bound of key 11 is 12
The upper bound of key 13 is 14
The upper bound of key 17 is 4

在上面的示例中,当我们尝试找到不存在于集合容器中但未超过最大值的值的上限时,它将返回更大的值,即当我们尝试找到13的上限时,它将返回返回14,当我们尝试查找集合中不存在且超过容器最大值的值的上限时,它将返回到end()。

例子4

让我们看一个简单的例子:

#include   
#include   
  
int main( )  
{  
   using namespace std;     
   set  s1;  
   set  :: const_iterator s1_AcIter, s1_RcIter;  
  
   s1.insert( 10 );  
   s1.insert( 20 );  
   s1.insert( 30 );  
  
   s1_RcIter = s1.upper_bound( 20 );  
   cout << "The first element of set s1 with a key greater "  
        << "than 20 is: " << *s1_RcIter << "." << endl;  
  
   s1_RcIter = s1.upper_bound( 30 );  
  
   // If no match is found for the key, end( ) is returned  
   if ( s1_RcIter == s1.end( ) )  
      cout << "The set s1 doesn't have an element "  
           << "with a key greater than 30." << endl;  
   else  
      cout << "The element of set s1 with a key > 40 is: "  
           << *s1_RcIter << "." << endl;  
  
   // The element at a specific location in the set can be found   
   // by using a dereferenced iterator addressing the location  
   s1_AcIter = s1.begin( );  
   s1_RcIter = s1.upper_bound( *s1_AcIter );  
   cout << "The first element of s1 with a key greater than"  
        << endl << "that of the initial element of s1 is: "  
        << *s1_RcIter << "." << endl;  
        
        return 0;
}  

输出:

The first element of set s1 with a key greater than 20 is: 30.
The set s1 doesn't have an element with a key greater than 30.
The first element of s1 with a key greater than
that of the initial element of s1 is: 20.