Java是Sun Microsystem公司开发的一种面向对象、独立于平台的高级编程语言。它被认为是几乎所有类型的网络应用程序的基础。借助Java编程语言，我们可以开发和交付全球标准的嵌入式应用程序、移动应用程序、企业应用程序、游戏和基于Web的内容等。
Java的优点：
- 简单的编程语言
- 面向对象编程
- 平台无关
- 分布式计算
- 安全语言
- 多线程
- 维护成本低且经济
Java的缺点：
- 单范式语言
- 内存消耗且比本地编译语言慢
- 速度慢且性能不佳
- 没有无符号类型
- 不提供如此吸引人的 GUI 外观和感觉
- 更少的机器交互
.NET 是一个跨平台的开源软件框架，用于开发由 Microsoft 开发的软件应用程序。它支持下一代应用程序和 Web 服务的构建和运行。在 .NET 的帮助下，我们可以创建可重用的模块，从而使应用程序代码无错误并提高生产力。
.NET 的优点：
- 多层软件架构
- 跨平台设计
- 面向对象编程
- 伟大的缓存系统
- 通用 .NET 标准
- 灵活部署，易于维护
- ASP.NET 中的自动监控
.NET 的缺点：
- 有限的对象关系支持
- 内存泄漏
- 比本地代码慢
- 供应商锁定
- 迁移应用程序成本高昂
- 新版本的稳定性问题
Java和 .NET 的区别：
|
JAVA |
.NET |
|---|---|
| Java is an object-oriented and platform-independent high-level programming language. | .NET is a cross-platform, open-source software framework used for developing a software applications. |
| It is developed by Sun Microsystem. | It is developed by Microsoft. |
| Java requires JVM (Java Virtual Machine) for execution means during runtime. | .NET requires CLR (Common Language Runtime) for execution means during runtime. |
| It supports multiple Operating Systems a third-party system. | It only supports Windows Operating System. |
| Java provides a less efficient manner of garbage collection as compared to .NET. | .NET provides a more efficient manner of garbage collection as compared to Java. |
| In Java JDBC (Java Data Base Connectivity) is used for the database connection. | In .NET ADO (ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) is used for database connection. |
| For Java multiple third-party IDEs (Integrated Development Environment) are available. | It has a standard IDE (Integrated Development Environment) i.e. Microsoft Visual Studio. |
| It supports connected architecture. | It supports disconnected architecture. |
| It is a step behind .NET in case of providing security. | It is a step ahead in case of providing security. |
| It provides a little harder exception handling concept than .NET. | It provides an easier exception handling concept than Java. |