1.结构化查询语言(SQL)：
SQL是一种用于编程的领域特定语言，旨在管理关系数据库管理系统(也称为RDBMS)中保存的数据。它在处理结构化数据(即合并了实体和变量之间的关系的数据)中也很有用。 SQL是用于在数据库中存储，处理和检索数据的标准语言。
2. Hive查询语言(HiveQL)：
HiveQL是Hive的查询语言，用于分析和处理元存储中的结构化数据。它与SQL非常相似并且具有高度可扩展性。它重用了关系数据库领域中熟悉的概念，例如表，行，列和架构，以简化学习。 Hive支持四种文件格式，即TEXT FILE，SEQUENCE FILE，ORC和RC FILE(Record Columnar File)。
SQL和HiveQL之间的区别：
| On the basis of | SQL | HiveQL |
|---|---|---|
| Update-commands in table structure | UPDATE, DELETEINSERT, | UPDATE, DELETEINSERT, |
| Manages | Relational data | Data Structures |
| Transaction | Supported | Limited Support Supported |
| Indexes | Supported | Supported |
| Data Types | It contain a total of five data types i.e., Integral, floating-point, fixed-point, text and binary strings, temporal | It contains a total of 9 data types i.e., Boolean, integral, floating-point, fixed-point, text and binary strings, temporal, array, map, struct. |
| Functions | Hundreds of built-in functions | Hundreds of built-in functions |
| Mapreduce | Not Supported | Supported |
| Multitable inserts in table | Not supported | Supported |
| Create tabl…as Select | Not supported | Supported |
| Select command | Supported | Supported with SORT BY clause for partial ordering and LIMIT to restrict number of rows returned |
| Joins | Supported | Inner joins, outer joins, semi join, map joins, cross joins |
| Subqueries | Supported | Only Used in FROM, WHERE, or HAVING clauses |
| Views | Can be Updated | Read-only i.e. cannot be updated |