我们在下面的文章中讨论了List及其一些功能：
列表：序列容器
本文讨论了一些更有用的功能
1. emplace(position，value) ：-此函数用于在指定位置插入元素。
2. emplace_back(value) ：-此函数在列表末尾添加值。它与push_back()的不同之处在于，它直接在位置创建元素，而push_back()首先创建一个临时副本，然后从那里复制。在大多数情况下，emplace_back()的实现比push_back()更快。
3. emplace_front ：-此函数在列表的开头添加值。它与push_front()的不同之处在于，它直接在位置创建元素，而push_front()首先创建一个临时副本，然后从那里复制。在大多数情况下，emplace_front()的实现比push_front()更快。
// C++ code to demonstrate the working of
// emplace(), emplace_front() and emplace_back()
#include
#include // for list functions
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Declaring a list
list gqlist;
// Initialising list iterator
list::iterator it= gqlist.begin();
// Entering list element using emplace_back()
for (int i=1; i<=5; i++)
gqlist.emplace_back(i);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "List after emplace_back operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
// Entering list element using emplace_front()
for (int i=10; i<=50; i+=10)
gqlist.emplace_front(i);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "List after emplace_front operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
// using advance() to advance iterator position
advance(it,2);
// inserting element at 2nd position using emplace()
gqlist.emplace(it,100);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "List after emplace operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出：
List after emplace_back operation is : 1 2 3 4 5
List after emplace_front operation is : 50 40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5
List after emplace operation is : 50 100 40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5
4. merge(list2) ：-此函数用于将list2与list1合并。如果两个列表都按排序顺序排列，则结果列表也将被排序。
5. remove_if(condition) ：-此函数根据其参数中给出的条件从列表中删除该元素。
// C++ code to demonstrate the working of
// merge() and remove_if()
#include
#include // for list functions
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Initializing list1
list gqlist1 = {1, 2, 3};
// Initializing list2
list gqlist2 = {2, 4, 6};
// using merge() to merge list1 with list2
gqlist1.merge(gqlist2);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "list1 after merge operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
// using remove_if() to remove odd elements
// removes 1 and 3
gqlist1.remove_if([](int x){return x%2!=0;});
// Displaying list elements
cout << "list1 after remove_if operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出：
list1 after merge operation is : 1 2 2 3 4 6
list1 after remove_if operation is : 2 2 4 6
6. unique() ：-此函数用于删除重复出现的数字。必须对列表进行排序才能执行此函数。
7. splice(position，list2) ：-此函数用于将元素从一个列表转移到另一个列表。
// C++ code to demonstrate the working of
// unique() and splice()
#include
#include // for list functions
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Initializing list1
list gqlist1 = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4};
// Initializing list2
list gqlist2 = {2, 4, 6};
// Initializing list1 iterator
list::iterator it = gqlist1.begin();
// using advance() to increment iterator position
advance(it, 3);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "list1 before unique operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
// using unique() to remove repeating elements
gqlist1.unique();
// Displaying list elements
cout << "list1 after unique operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl << endl;
// using splice() to splice list2 in list1 at position it
// inserts list2 after 2nd position
gqlist1.splice(it, gqlist2);
// Displaying list elements
cout << "list1 after splice operation is : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1) cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出：
list1 before unique operation is : 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
list1 after unique operation is : 1 2 3 4
list1 after splice operation is : 1 2 4 6 2 3 4
8. swap(list2) ：-此函数用于将一个列表元素与另一列表元素交换。
// C++ code to demonstrate the working of
// swap()
#include
#include // for list functions
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Initializing list1
list gqlist1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
// Initializing list1
list gqlist2 = {2, 4, 6};
// Displaying list before swapping
cout << "The contents of 1st list "
"before swapping are : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1)
cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
cout << "The contents of 2nd list "
"before swapping are : ";
for (int &x : gqlist2)
cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
// Use of swap() to swap the list
gqlist1.swap(gqlist2);
// Displaying list after swapping
cout << "The contents of 1st list "
"after swapping are : ";
for (int &x : gqlist1)
cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
cout << "The contents of 2nd list "
"after swapping are : ";
for (int &x : gqlist2)
cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
输出：
The contents of 1st list before swapping are : 1 2 3 4
The contents of 2nd list before swapping are : 2 4 6
The contents of 1st list after swapping are : 2 4 6
The contents of 2nd list after swapping are : 1 2 3 4
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