通过重复用1替换互素对来最小化数组长度

给定一个由N个元素组成的数组arr [] ，任务是通过用1替换任意两个互素数组元素来最小化数组长度。
例子：

Input: arr[] = {2, 3, 5} 
Output: 1 
Explanation: 
Replace {2, 3} with 1 modifies the array to {1, 5}. 
Replace {1, 5} with 1 modifies the array to {1}.
Input: arr[] = {6, 9, 15} 
Output: 3 
Explanation: No coprime pairs exist in the array. Therefore, no reduction possible.

天真的方法：最简单的方法是遍历数组并检查互质对。如果找到，则将其替换为1，以搜索下一个互质对，依此类推。

时间复杂度： O(N ³ *对数 N)
辅助空间： O(1)

高效方法：该方法基于以下事实：

1 is coprime with every number

这个想法是要找出数组中是否存在任何互质对。如果找到，则可以基于上述事实将所有数组元素减小为1。因此，如果找到任何互质数对，则所需答案将为1，否则答案将为数组的初始大小。

Illustration: 
For arr[] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9}
Here, as there exists a coprime pair {2, 9}, replacing them by 1 modifies the array to {1, 4, 6, 8}. 
Since 1 is coprime with every number, the array can be reduced further in following steps: 
{1, 4, 6, 8} -> {1, 6, 8} -> {1, 8} -> {1} 
Hence, the array can be reduced to size 1.

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ Program for the above approach
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the final array
// length by replacing coprime pair with 1
bool hasCoprimePair(vector& arr, int n)
{
 
    // Iterate over all pairs of element
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
 
            // Check if gcd is 1
            if (__gcd(arr[i], arr[j]) == 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If no coprime pair
    // found return false
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
 
    int n = 3;
    vector arr = { 6, 9, 15 };
 
    // Check if atleast one coprime
    // pair exists in the array
    if (hasCoprimePair(arr, n)) {
        cout << 1 << endl;
    }
 
    // If no such pair exists
    else {
        cout << n << endl;
    }
}

Java

// Java Program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
     
// Recursive function to return
// gcd of a and b 
static int __gcd(int a, int b) 
{ 
    return b == 0? a:__gcd(b, a % b);    
}
 
// Function to find the final array
// length by replacing coprime pair with 1
static boolean hasCoprimePair(int []arr, int n)
{
 
    // Iterate over all pairs of element
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
 
            // Check if gcd is 1
            if ((__gcd(arr[i], arr[j])) == 1)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If no coprime pair
    // found return false
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int n = 3;
    int []arr = { 6, 9, 15 };
 
    // Check if atleast one coprime
    // pair exists in the array
    if (hasCoprimePair(arr, n))
    {
        System.out.print(1 + "\n");
    }
 
    // If no such pair exists
    else
    {
        System.out.print(n + "\n");
    }
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
import math
 
# Function to find the final array
# length by replacing coprime pair with 1
def hasCoprimePair(arr, n):
 
    # Iterate over all pairs of element
    for i in range(n - 1):
        for j in range(i + 1, n):
 
            # Check if gcd is 1
            if (math.gcd(arr[i], arr[j]) == 1):
                return True
             
    # If no coprime pair
    # found return false
    return False
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    n = 3
    arr = [ 6, 9, 15 ]
 
    # Check if atleast one coprime
    # pair exists in the array
    if (hasCoprimePair(arr, n)):
        print(1)
     
    # If no such pair exists
    else:
        print(n)
     
# This code is contributed by chitranayal

C#

// C# Program for the above approach
using System;
class GFG{
     
// Recursive function to return
// gcd of a and b 
static int __gcd(int a, int b) 
{ 
    return b == 0 ? a : __gcd(b, a % b);    
}
 
// Function to find the readonly array
// length by replacing coprime pair with 1
static bool hasCoprimePair(int []arr, int n)
{
 
    // Iterate over all pairs of element
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
 
            // Check if gcd is 1
            if ((__gcd(arr[i],
                       arr[j])) == 1)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If no coprime pair
    // found return false
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int n = 3;
    int []arr = { 6, 9, 15 };
 
    // Check if atleast one coprime
    // pair exists in the array
    if (hasCoprimePair(arr, n))
    {
        Console.Write(1 + "\n");
    }
 
    // If no such pair exists
    else
    {
        Console.Write(n + "\n");
    }
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

输出：

3

时间复杂度： O(N ² * log N)
辅助空间： O(1)