给定一个数组arr [] ，该数组arr []由N个正整数以及L和R组成，则任务是找到范围[L，R]中不能被任何数组元素整除的数字计数。
例子：
Input: arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, L = 1, R = 20
Output: 6
Explanation:
The 6 numbers in the range [1, 20] that are not divisible by any of the array elements are 1, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19.
Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3}, L = 75, R = 1000000
Output: 0
Explanation:
Since all the numbers are divisible by 1, therefore, the answer is 0.
天真的方法：一种简单的方法是遍历给定范围[L，R]中的所有数字，对于每个数字，检查是否可以被任何数组元素整除。如果不能被任何数组元素整除，则增加计数。检查所有数字后，打印计数。
时间复杂度： O((R – L + 1)* N)
辅助空间： O(N)
高效的方法：可以通过使用Eratosthenes筛子，标记数字的所有倍数并将它们存储在有效的数据结构(例如Set中)中来优化上述方法，Set可以在几乎恒定的时间内提供查找操作。请按照以下步骤解决问题：
- 首先，对于每个数组元素(例如arr [i]) ，使用Eratosthenes的Sieve将所有小于R的整数倍存储在Set中。
- [1，R]范围内的整数不能被给定数组中存在的任何数字整除的数量将等于(R –集合的大小) 。让它成为A。
- 同样，找到范围[1，L]中的数字，该数字不能被给定数组中存在的任何数字整除。让它成为B。
- 完成上述步骤后，将结果打印为(A – B) 。
下面是上述方法的实现：
C++
// C++ program for the above approach
#include
using namespace std;
// Function to find the non-multiples
// till k
int findNonMultiples(int arr[],
int n, int k)
{
// Stores all unique multiples
set multiples;
// Iterate the array
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// For finding duplicates
// only once
if (multiples.find(arr[i])
== multiples.end()) {
// Inserting all multiples
// into the set
for (int j = 1;
j <= k / arr[i]; j++) {
multiples.insert(arr[i] * j);
}
}
}
// Returning only the count of
// numbers that are not divisible
// by any of the array elements
return k - multiples.size();
}
// Function to count the total values
// in the range [L, R]
int countValues(int arr[], int N,
int L, int R)
{
// Count all values in the range
// using exclusion principle
return findNonMultiples(arr, N, R)
- findNonMultiples(arr, N, L - 1);
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int L = 1, R = 20;
// Function Call
cout << countValues(arr, N, L, R);
return 0;
} Java
// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
// Function to find the non-multiples
// till k
public static int findNonMultiples(int[] arr, int n,
int k)
{
// Stores all unique multiples
Set multiples = new HashSet();
// Iterate the array
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
// For finding duplicates
// only once
if (!multiples.contains(arr[i]))
{
// Inserting all multiples
// into the set
for(int j = 1; j <= k / arr[i]; j++)
{
multiples.add(arr[i] * j);
}
}
}
// Returning only the count of
// numbers that are not divisible
// by any of the array elements
return k - multiples.size();
}
// Function to count the total values
// in the range [L, R]
public static int countValues(int[] arr, int N,
int L, int R)
{
// Count all values in the range
// using exclusion principle
return findNonMultiples(arr, N, R) -
findNonMultiples(arr, N, L - 1);
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] arr = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
int N = arr.length;
int L = 1;
int R = 20;
// Function Call
System.out.println(countValues(arr, N, L, R));
}
}
// This code is contributed by rohitsingh07052 Python3
# Python3 program for the above approach
# Function to find the non-multiples
# till k
def findNonMultiples(arr, n, k):
# Stores all unique multiples
multiples = set([])
# Iterate the array
for i in range(n):
# For finding duplicates
# only once
if (arr[i] not in multiples):
# Inserting all multiples
# into the set
for j in range(1, k // arr[i] + 1):
multiples.add(arr[i] * j)
# Returning only the count of
# numbers that are not divisible
# by any of the array elements
return k - len(multiples)
# Function to count the total values
# in the range [L, R]
def countValues(arr, N, L, R):
# Count all values in the range
# using exclusion principle
return (findNonMultiples(arr, N, R) -
findNonMultiples(arr, N, L - 1))
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
arr = [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
N = len(arr)
L = 1
R = 20
# Function Call
print( countValues(arr, N, L, R))
# This code is contributed by chitranayalC#
// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG
{
// Function to find the non-multiples
// till k
public static int findNonMultiples(int[] arr, int n,
int k)
{
// Stores all unique multiples
HashSet multiples = new HashSet();
// Iterate the array
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
// For finding duplicates
// only once
if (!multiples.Contains(arr[i]))
{
// Inserting all multiples
// into the set
for(int j = 1; j <= k / arr[i]; j++)
{
multiples.Add(arr[i] * j);
}
}
}
// Returning only the count of
// numbers that are not divisible
// by any of the array elements
return k - multiples.Count;
}
// Function to count the total values
// in the range [L, R]
public static int countValues(int[] arr, int N,
int L, int R)
{
// Count all values in the range
// using exclusion principle
return findNonMultiples(arr, N, R) -
findNonMultiples(arr, N, L - 1);
}
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
int[] arr = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
int N = arr.Length;
int L = 1;
int R = 20;
// Function Call
Console.WriteLine(countValues(arr, N, L, R));
}
}
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput 输出：
6时间复杂度： O(N * log(log N))
辅助空间： O(N)