十四行诗如何在文艺复兴文学中使用 - TypeScript

介绍

十四行诗是一种古老的文学形式，它在文艺复兴时期得到了广泛的使用。在文艺复兴时期，诗歌是一个重要的文学形式，而诗人们追求的是艺术的完美和文学的卓越。

本文将介绍 TypeScript 中如何使用十四行诗，包括创建一个十四行诗的基本结构、如何使用 TypeScript 的类型检查和如何使用 TypeScript 的类型推断来确保代码的正确性。

创建一个十四行诗的基本结构

在 TypeScript 中，我们可以使用字符串模板来创建一个十四行诗的基本结构。字符串模板使我们可以在字符串中使用变量和表达式。

const sonnet: string = `
  When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
  I all alone beweep my outcast state,
  And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
  And look upon myself and curse my fate,
  Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
  Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
  Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
  With what I most enjoy contented least.
  Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
  Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
  Like to the lark at break of day arising
  From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
  For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
  That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
`;

在这个例子中，我们使用反引号(```)包围一个字符串，这个字符串中包含了我们的十四行诗。

使用 TypeScript 的类型检查

TypeScript 提供了一种类型检查的机制，它可以在编译时检测代码中的类型错误，从而提高代码的可靠性和稳定性。在 TypeScript 中，我们可以使用类型注释来指定每个变量的类型。

例如，我们可以为 sonnet 变量指定类型为 string：

const sonnet: string = `
  When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
  I all alone beweep my outcast state,
  And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
  And look upon myself and curse my fate,
  Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
  Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
  Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
  With what I most enjoy contented least.
  Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
  Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
  Like to the lark at break of day arising
  From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
  For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
  That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
`;

现在，如果我们尝试将一个非字符串类型的值赋给 sonnet 变量，编译器会报错：

const sonnet: string = 123; // Error: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.

使用类型检查可以减少代码中的类型错误，提高代码的可靠性。

使用 TypeScript 的类型推断

TypeScript 还提供了一种类型推断的机制，它可以在编译时自动推断变量的类型。例如，如果我们没有为一个变量指定类型，TypeScript 会自动根据变量的初始值推断变量的类型。

例如，我们可以不指定 sonnet 变量的类型，而是让 TypeScript 自动推断它的类型：

const sonnet = `
  When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
  I all alone beweep my outcast state,
  And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
  And look upon myself and curse my fate,
  Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
  Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
  Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
  With what I most enjoy contented least.
  Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
  Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
  Like to the lark at break of day arising
  From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
  For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
  That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
`;

在这个例子中，TypeScript 会根据 sonnet 变量的初始值自动推断它的类型为 string。

使用类型推断可以避免重复指定类型，简化代码。

结论

在 TypeScript 中使用十四行诗很简单，我们只需要使用字符串模板来创建一个包含十四行诗的字符串，并可以使用 TypeScript 的类型检查和类型推断来确保代码的正确性。

下面是完整的代码片段：

const sonnet = `
  When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
  I all alone beweep my outcast state,
  And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
  And look upon myself and curse my fate,
  Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
  Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
  Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
  With what I most enjoy contented least.
  Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
  Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
  Like to the lark at break of day arising
  From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
  For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
  That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
`;

console.log(sonnet);

输出结果：

When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least.
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.