Python|接球比赛
Python是一种多用途语言，几乎可以用于所有开发领域。 Python也可以用来开发不同类型的游戏。让我们尝试使用Python和 TKinter 开发一个简单的接球游戏。
游戏非常简单。游戏窗口底部有一个栏，可以使用游戏窗口中的按钮向左或向右移动。红球会从上到下不断落下，可以从任意随机的 x 轴距离开始。任务是通过向左或向右移动将该杆带到合适的位置，以便红球落在该杆上（将球接在杆上）而不是在地面上。如果玩家将球接到横杆上，则得分将增加，该球将消失，并再次从随机 x 轴距离开始从上到下落下一个新的红球。如果球员在横梁上接球而错过了球，那么您将输掉比赛，最后记分卡将出现在比赛窗口上。
方法：
- 在Python中使用 Tkinter 包来构建 GUI（图形用户界面）。
- 在Python中使用 Canvas 绘制对象——Canvas 是一个矩形区域，用于绘制图片或其他复杂的布局。我们可以在 Canvas 上放置图形、文本、小部件或框架。
Syntax: w = Canvas ( master, option=value, ... )
Parameters:
master - This represents the parent window.
options - List of most commonly used options for this widget.
These options can be used as key-value pairs separated by commas.
Example- width, height etc. - 使用 canvas.create_oval 创建球。
create_oval在给定坐标处创建一个圆或椭圆。它需要两对坐标；椭圆的边界矩形的左上角和右下角。
Syntax: oval = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, options)- 使用 canvas.create_rectangle 创建栏。
create_rectangle在给定坐标处创建一个矩形。它需要两对坐标；左上角和右下角坐标。
Syntax: oval = canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, options)- 使用 canvas.move 移动球或杆。
canvas.move使对象能够以指定的 (x, y) 坐标移动。
Syntax: move=canvas.move(name of object, x, y) - 注意： * x=0 表示球只在垂直方向移动，y=0 表示球只在水平方向移动。 *使用 canvas.delete(object) 使球接触地面或横杆时消失。
- 使用 Button 向前或向后移动栏，然后在其上应用动作事件。参考Python gui Tkinter
Python代码：
Python3
# Python code for catching the ball game
# importing suitable packages
from tkinter import Tk,Button,Label
from tkinter import Canvas
from random import randint
# defining Tk from Tkinter
root = Tk()
root.title("Catch the ball Game")
root.resizable(False,False)
# for defining the canvas
canvas = Canvas(root, width=600, height=600)
canvas.pack()
# variable for the vertical distance
# travelled by ball
limit = 0
# variable for horizontal distance
# of bar from x-axis
dist = 5
# variable for score
score = 0
# Class for the Creating and moving ball
class Ball:
# for creation of ball on the canvas
def __init__(self, canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2):
self.x1 = x1
self.y1 = y1
self.x2 = x2
self.y2 = y2
self.canvas = canvas
# for creation of ball object
self.ball = canvas.create_oval(self.x1, self.y1, self.x2, self.y2,
fill = "red",tags = 'dot1')
# for moving the ball
def move_ball(self):
# defining offset
offset = 10
global limit
# checking if ball lands ground or bar
if limit >= 510:
global dist,score,next
# checking that ball falls on the bar
if(dist - offset <= self.x1 and
dist + 40 + offset >= self.x2):
# incrementing the score
score += 10
# disappear the ball
canvas.delete('dot1')
# calling the function for again
# creation of ball object
ball_set()
else:
# disappear the ball
canvas.delete('dot1')
bar.delete_bar(self)
# display the score
score_board()
return
# incrementing the vertical distance
# travelled by ball by deltay
limit += 1
# moving the ball in vertical direction
# by taking x=0 and y=deltay
self.canvas.move(self.ball,0,1)
# for continuous moving of ball again call move_ball
self.canvas.after(10,self.move_ball)
# class for creating and moving bar
class bar:
# method for creating bar
def __init__(self,canvas,x1,y1,x2,y2):
self.x1 = x1
self.y1 = y1
self.x2 = x2
self.y2 = y2
self.canvas = canvas
# for creating bar using create_rectangle
self.rod=canvas.create_rectangle(self.x1, self.y1, self.x2, self.y2,
fill="yellow",tags='dot2')
# method for moving the bar
def move_bar(self,num):
global dist
# checking the forward or backward button
if(num == 1):
# moving the bar in forward direction by
# taking x-axis positive distance and
# taking vertical distance y=0
self.canvas.move(self.rod,20,0)
# incrementing the distance of bar from x-axis
dist += 20
else:
# moving the bar in backward direction by taking x-axis
# negative distance and taking vertical distance y=0
self.canvas.move(self.rod,-20,0)
# decrementing the distance of bar from x-axis
dist-=20
def delete_bar(self):
canvas.delete('dot2')
# Function to define the dimensions of the ball
def ball_set():
global limit
limit=0
# for random x-axis distance from
# where the ball starts to fall
value = randint(0,570)
# define the dimensions of the ball
ball1 = Ball(canvas,value,20,value+30,50)
# call function for moving of the ball
ball1.move_ball()
# Function for displaying the score
# after getting over of the game
def score_board():
root2 = Tk()
root2.title("Catch the ball Game")
root2.resizable(False,False)
canvas2 = Canvas(root2,width=300,height=300)
canvas2.pack()
w = Label(canvas2,text="\nOOPS...GAME IS OVER\n\nYOUR SCORE = "
+ str(score) + "\n\n")
w.pack()
button3 = Button(canvas2, text="PLAY AGAIN", bg="green",
command=lambda:play_again(root2))
button3.pack()
button4 = Button(canvas2,text="EXIT",bg="green",
command=lambda:exit_handler(root2))
button4.pack()
# Function for handling the play again request
def play_again(root2):
root2.destroy()
main()
# Function for handling exit request
def exit_handler(root2):
root2.destroy()
root.destroy()
# Main function
def main():
global score,dist
score = 0
dist = 0
# defining the dimensions of bar
bar1=bar(canvas,5,560,45,575)
# defining the text,colour of buttons and
# also define the action after click on
# the button by calling suitable methods
button = Button(canvas,text="==>", bg="green",
command=lambda:bar1.move_bar(1))
# placing the buttons at suitable location on the canvas
button.place(x=300,y=580)
button2 = Button(canvas,text="<==",bg="green",
command=lambda:bar1.move_bar(0))
button2.place(x=260,y=580)
# calling the function for defining
# the dimensions of ball
ball_set()
root.mainloop()
# Driver code
if(__name__=="__main__"):
main()输出：
注意：由于导入了 Tkinter 包，上述代码不能在在线 IDE 上运行。