Python的贪吃蛇游戏——使用 Pygame 模块

贪吃蛇游戏是有史以来最受欢迎的街机游戏之一。在这个游戏中，玩家的主要目标是在不撞墙或不撞墙的情况下抓住最大数量的水果。在学习Python或 Pygame 时，可以将创建蛇游戏视为一项挑战。这是每个新手程序员都应该接受的最好的初学者友好项目之一。学习构建视频游戏是一种有趣而有趣的学习。

我们将使用Pygame来创建这个蛇游戏。 Pygame是一个开源库，专为制作视频游戏而设计。它具有内置的图形和声音库。它也是初学者友好的和跨平台的。

安装

要安装 Pygame，您需要打开终端或命令提示符并键入以下命令：

pip install pygame

安装 Pygame 后，我们就可以创建我们很酷的蛇游戏了。

使用 Pygame 创建贪吃蛇游戏的分步方法：

第 1 步：首先，我们正在导入必要的库。

• 之后，我们将定义游戏将在其中运行的窗口的宽度和高度。
• 并以 RGB 格式定义我们将在游戏中用于显示文本的颜色。

Python3

# importing libraries
import pygame
import time
import random
 
snake_speed = 15
 
# Window size
window_x = 720
window_y = 480
 
# defining colors
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)

第 2 步：导入库后，我们需要使用pygame.init()方法初始化 Pygame。

• 使用上一步中定义的宽度和高度创建一个游戏窗口。
• 这里pygame.time.Clock()将在游戏的主要逻辑中进一步用于改变蛇的速度。

蟒蛇3

# Initialising pygame
pygame.init()
 
# Initialise game window
pygame.display.set_caption('GeeksforGeeks Snakes')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_x, window_y))
 
# FPS (frames per second) controller
fps = pygame.time.Clock()

第 3 步：初始化蛇的位置及其大小。

• 初始化蛇位置后，在定义的高度和宽度的任意位置随机初始化水果位置。
• 通过将方向设置为 RIGHT，我们确保每当用户运行程序/游戏时，蛇必须向右移动到屏幕上。

蟒蛇3

# defining snake default position
snake_position = [100, 50]
 
# defining first 4 blocks of snake
# body
snake_body = [  [100, 50],
                [90, 50],
                [80, 50],
                [70, 50]
            ]
# fruit position
fruit_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10,
                  random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
fruit_spawn = True
 
# setting default snake direction
# towards right
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction

第 4 步：创建一个函数来显示玩家的得分。

• 在这个函数，首先我们要创建一个字体对象，即字体颜色会出现在这里。
• 然后我们使用渲染来创建一个背景表面，每当我们的分数更新时，我们就会改变它。
• 为文本表面对象创建一个矩形对象（文本将在此处刷新）
• 然后，我们使用blit显示我们的分数。 blit需要两个参数screen.blit(background,(x,y))

蟒蛇3

# initial score
score = 0
 
# displaying Score function
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
   
    # creating font object score_font
    score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
     
    # create the display surface object
    # score_surface
    score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the
    # text surface object
    score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
     
    # displaying text
    game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)

第 5 步：现在创建一个游戏结束函数，该函数将代表蛇被墙壁或自身击中后的分数。

• 在第一行，我们创建了一个字体对象来显示乐谱。
• 然后我们创建文本表面来渲染乐谱。
• 之后，我们将设置文本在可播放区域中间的位置。
• 使用blit显示分数并通过使用 flip() 更新表面来更新分数。
• 我们使用 sleep(2) 在使用 quit() 关闭窗口之前等待 2 秒。

蟒蛇3

# game over function
def game_over():
   
    # creating font object my_font
    my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 50)
     
    # creating a text surface on which text
    # will be drawn
    game_over_surface = my_font.render('Your Score is : ' + str(score), True, red)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the text
    # surface object
    game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
     
    # setting position of the text
    game_over_rect.midtop = (window_x/2, window_y/4)
     
    # blit wil draw the text on screen
    game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
    pygame.display.flip()
     
    # after 2 seconds we will quit the
    # program
    time.sleep(2)
     
    # deactivating pygame library
    pygame.quit()
     
    # quit the program
    quit()

第 6 步：现在我们将创建我们的主要函数，它将执行以下操作：

• 我们将验证负责蛇移动的密钥，然后我们将创建一个特殊条件，即不允许蛇立即向相反方向移动。
• 在那之后，如果蛇和水果发生碰撞，我们将把分数增加 10，新的水果将被跨越。
• 在那之后，我们正在检查蛇是否被墙击中。如果一条蛇撞到墙，我们将调用 game over函数。
• 如果蛇撞到自己，游戏结束函数将被调用。
• 最后，我们将使用之前创建的 show_score函数显示分数。

蟒蛇3

# Main Function
while True:
   
    # handling key events
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                change_to = 'UP'
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                change_to = 'DOWN'
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                change_to = 'LEFT'
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                change_to = 'RIGHT'
 
    # If two keys pressed simultaneously
    # we don't want snake to move into two directions
    # simultaneously
    if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
        direction = 'UP'
    if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
        direction = 'DOWN'
    if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
        direction = 'LEFT'
    if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
        direction = 'RIGHT'
 
    # Moving the snake
    if direction == 'UP':
        snake_position[1] -= 10
    if direction == 'DOWN':
        snake_position[1] += 10
    if direction == 'LEFT':
        snake_position[0] -= 10
    if direction == 'RIGHT':
        snake_position[0] += 10
 
    # Snake body growing mechanism
    # if fruits and snakes collide then scores will be
    # incremented by 10
    snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_position))
    if snake_position[0] == fruit_position[0] and snake_position[1] == fruit_position[1]:
        score += 10
        fruit_spawn = False
    else:
        snake_body.pop()
         
    if not fruit_spawn:
        fruit_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10,
                          random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
         
    fruit_spawn = True
    game_window.fill(black)
     
    for pos in snake_body:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green, pygame.Rect(
          pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
         
    pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(
      fruit_position[0], fruit_position[1], 10, 10))
 
    # Game Over conditions
    if snake_position[0] < 0 or snake_position[0] > window_x-10:
        game_over()
    if snake_position[1] < 0 or snake_position[1] > window_y-10:
        game_over()
     
    # Touching the snake body
    for block in snake_body[1:]:
        if snake_position[0] == block[0] and snake_position[1] == block[1]:
            game_over()
     
    # displaying score countinuously
    show_score(1, white, 'times new roman', 20)
     
    # Refresh game screen
    pygame.display.update()
 
    # Frame Per Second /Refres Rate
    fps.tick(snake_speed)

下面是实现

蟒蛇3

# importing libraries
import pygame
import time
import random
 
snake_speed = 15
 
# Window size
window_x = 720
window_y = 480
 
# defining colors
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)
 
# Initialising pygame
pygame.init()
 
# Initialise game window
pygame.display.set_caption('GeeksforGeeks Snakes')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_x, window_y))
 
# FPS (frames per second) controller
fps = pygame.time.Clock()
 
# defining snake default position
snake_position = [100, 50]
 
# defining first 4 blocks of snake body
snake_body = [[100, 50],
              [90, 50],
              [80, 50],
              [70, 50]
              ]
# fruit position
fruit_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10,
                  random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
 
fruit_spawn = True
 
# setting default snake direction towards
# right
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction
 
# initial score
score = 0
 
# displaying Score function
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
   
    # creating font object score_font
    score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
     
    # create the display surface object
    # score_surface
    score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the text
    # surface object
    score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
     
    # displaying text
    game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)
 
# game over function
def game_over():
   
    # creating font object my_font
    my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 50)
     
    # creating a text surface on which text
    # will be drawn
    game_over_surface = my_font.render(
        'Your Score is : ' + str(score), True, red)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the text
    # surface object
    game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
     
    # setting position of the text
    game_over_rect.midtop = (window_x/2, window_y/4)
     
    # blit wil draw the text on screen
    game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
    pygame.display.flip()
     
    # after 2 seconds we will quit the program
    time.sleep(2)
     
    # deactivating pygame library
    pygame.quit()
     
    # quit the program
    quit()
 
 
# Main Function
while True:
     
    # handling key events
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                change_to = 'UP'
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                change_to = 'DOWN'
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                change_to = 'LEFT'
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                change_to = 'RIGHT'
 
    # If two keys pressed simultaneously
    # we don't want snake to move into two
    # directions simultaneously
    if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
        direction = 'UP'
    if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
        direction = 'DOWN'
    if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
        direction = 'LEFT'
    if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
        direction = 'RIGHT'
 
    # Moving the snake
    if direction == 'UP':
        snake_position[1] -= 10
    if direction == 'DOWN':
        snake_position[1] += 10
    if direction == 'LEFT':
        snake_position[0] -= 10
    if direction == 'RIGHT':
        snake_position[0] += 10
 
    # Snake body growing mechanism
    # if fruits and snakes collide then scores
    # will be incremented by 10
    snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_position))
    if snake_position[0] == fruit_position[0] and snake_position[1] == fruit_position[1]:
        score += 10
        fruit_spawn = False
    else:
        snake_body.pop()
         
    if not fruit_spawn:
        fruit_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10,
                          random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
         
    fruit_spawn = True
    game_window.fill(black)
     
    for pos in snake_body:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green,
                         pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
    pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(
        fruit_position[0], fruit_position[1], 10, 10))
 
    # Game Over conditions
    if snake_position[0] < 0 or snake_position[0] > window_x-10:
        game_over()
    if snake_position[1] < 0 or snake_position[1] > window_y-10:
        game_over()
 
    # Touching the snake body
    for block in snake_body[1:]:
        if snake_position[0] == block[0] and snake_position[1] == block[1]:
            game_over()
 
    # displaying score countinuously
    show_score(1, white, 'times new roman', 20)
 
    # Refresh game screen
    pygame.display.update()
 
    # Frame Per Second /Refres Rate
    fps.tick(snake_speed)

输出：

Snake 使用 Pygame